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Safety and Scientific Method
Life Characteristics and Processes
Assessment A
Part 1: Students will apply safety rules in the laboratory.
1. Why might it be important to follow the rules below? Be specific with each rule.


2.
Wear goggles when using chemicals, heating liquids or using sharp instruments
Perform only those experiments authorized by your teacher
Ellen and her David perform an experiment to determine the activity of an enzyme
at various temperatures. Before they begin the experiment David comments about
Ellen’s lovely, long hair and how it hangs down her shoulders. Ellen, in turn,
compliments David’s beautiful blue eyes. They are so easy to see since he decided
to remove his goggles since they “fogged up”. Ellen places a tiny piece of liver in
each of four test tubes. As it heats, David gets a close view as Ellen turns the test
tube toward him. The liver looks pretty gross but David is still able to snack on his
Snickers bar while they are heating the tubes. Finally, they add the enzyme to the
liver and watch for a reaction. When they see no reaction in one of the test tubes
they decide to add more enzyme than is required by the directions.
Write the safety rules these students failed to follow. (Hint: There are at least 5)
Part 2: Students apply their knowledge of the scientific method to solving biology
problems.
This is a diagram of Francesco Redi’s experiment with the covered and uncovered jars of
meat.
1.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
2.
State one possible hypothesis that could be tested using these setups.
3.
From your observations of the set up, what could be the problem?
4.
According to your hypothesis what would be the dependent variable?
5.
How could the result of this experiment eventually lead to a theory?
Part 3: Students apply life characteristics to situations and living things.
For 1-4, read the statement and identify the characteristic of life that the statement
represents.
1.
A cat runs away as the toddler approaches with a stick.
2.
During the industrial revolution most peppered moths were darker in color than
the Industrial Revolution. They evolved to blend in better with the darkened tree
trunks.
3.
When examining a piece muscle under a microscope, one sees that is it composed of
many units similar to the units that make up other living things.
4.
Acorns land on fertile soil and sprout, eventually producing large oak trees.
5.
Why are turtles considered living organisms? (Hint: Think about the characteristics
of life.)
Part 4: Students analyze the life processes as they apply to living things.
1. What life process uses O2 and gives off CO2?
2. Explain how some life processes are involved in the maintenance of homeostasis.
3. What life process is represented by the arrows followed by the terms CO 2 and
Nitrogenous wastes?
4.
How might a single-celled organism use organic compounds?
Review, Reteach, Relearn
Life Processes
From the presentations and your knowledge of biology, complete the following chart:
Life Process
Definition
Examples
Reproduce
Adaptation
Response to Stimulus
Energy
Homeostasis
Organized into Cells
Growth and Development
1.
How does an organism maintain homeostasis?
2. What is metabolism?
Try it!
1. Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below a certain level,
stored glucose reenters the blood until the original concentration is reached again.
What does this process illustrate?
A. synthesis
C. pinocytosis
B. respiration
D. homeostasis
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which statement concerning gas transport in humans is correct?
Carbon dioxide is transported to body cells by lymphocytes.
Carbon dioxide is transported to body cells in the form of lactic acid.
Oxygen is transported to body cells in the form of oxyhemoglobin.
Oxygen is transported to body cells by lymph vessels.
3. Which activity is a function of all living cells?
A. synthesis
C. anaerobic respiration
B. locomotion
D. extra-cellular digestion
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following best describes how respiration is accomplished?
necessary nutrients are circulated
hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose
metabolic wastes are absorbed
chemical energy is converted into a form usable by cells
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following best describes how organisms carry out nutrition?
They remove cellular wastes.
They obtain and process materials needed for other activities.
They exchange gases with their environment.
They absorb and circulate materials.
6. What process is illustrated by the use of CO2 and H2O by a geranium plant to
synthesize glucose?
A. autotrophic nutrition
C. protein production
B. heterotrophic nutrition
D. carbohydrate hydrolysis
7. Which life process is indicated by the arrows in the diagram of an ameba shown below?
A. digestion
B. excretion
C. fermentation
D. transport
8. Which substances are metabolic waste products?
A. carbon dioxide, water, urea
C. carbon dioxide, water, sugar
B. glucose, water, oxygen
D. oxygen, water, protein
Cycling in the Ecosystem
Assessment Form A
Part 1: Students will identify and describe symbiotic relationships.
Students will identify and predict patterns of predator-prey relationships.
1. Give an example of symbiosis.
2. Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in the intestines of termites. The termites ingest
the wood that the bacteria need for survival and the bacteria break down the
cellulose so that the termites can use it. What type of symbiosis does this
illustrate?
3. Florida black panthers often prey upon young or weak Key deer. The carrying
capacity of Key deer in a certain area is 500 deer. Note how the population
fluctuates in the following table.
Year
Number of
Deer
1950
200
1955
450
1960
600
1965
400
a. Graph the data with pencil. (0.5 point)
b. Show with a different color of pencil, what the graph might look like for the
panthers living in the area. (0.5 point)
c. What might be some reasons for the reduction in number of deer from 1960 to
1965? (1 point)
4. How do limiting factors influence the carrying capacity of an environment?
Part 2: Students will investigate the carbon cycle as it relates to photosynthesis and
respiration.
1. How does photosynthesis influence the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
2. How does respiration influence the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
3. From the diagram below, explain how carbon is cycled through an ecosystem.
4. How might this diagram be misleading?
Part 3: Students will analyze food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids for
direction and efficiency of energy transfer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
From the organisms in the box, create a 3-member food chain.
Use all of the organisms in the box to create a food web.
Explain why a food chain or pyramid seldom has more than four trophic levels.
From the organisms in the box, create a pyramid of energy with four trophic levels.
Using the organisms in the box above, give an example of a population
Part 4: Students assess life characteristics and life processes.
1. Name one life process that helps an organism maintain homeostasis
2. A mysterious object is found on the moon. The specimen is green. It uses oxygen
and energy. In addition, it moves from place to place. It does not reproduce. It is
not composed of cells and it does not grow and develop. Could scientists label this
as a living organism? Why or why not?
3. Blood moves through the circulatory system carrying oxygen and nutrients to the
cells. Which life process is involved?
Part 5: Students solve problems using the scientific method.
It has been hypothesized that a chemical known as BW prevents colds. To test this
hypothesis, 20,000 volunteers were divided into four groups. Each volunteer took a white
pill every morning for one year. The contents of the pill taken by the members of each
group are shown in the chart below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which group served as the control in this investigation?
What would be the independent variable in this investigation?
What is the dependent variable of this investigation?
What might be a valid conclusion for this experiment?
The Chemistry of Life Assessement
Form A
Objective: Enzymes
Analyze the graph below to answer questions 1 – 6.
1.
Does trypsin work best in an environment of acids or bases? __________
Explain your answer based on the graph and your knowledge of pH.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2.
Why would pepsin NOT function well in a pH of 9? Include the words substrate, active
site and enzyme in your answer. __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3.
What might be a factor (other than pH) that will affect an enzyme’s ability to function?
_______________________________________
4.
Pepsin and trypsin are both enzymes. Which group of organic compounds do they
belong to? _________________________
5.
What is the optimum (best) pH for trypsin to function? __________
6.
Which substrate would most likely work with the enzyme illustrated?
Objective: Organic Compounds
1.
Use the terms monomer, polymer, large molecule and small molecules correctly in ONE
sentence! ______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2.
Why is water (H2O) classified as an inorganic compound and glucose (C 6H12O6) is
classified as an organic compound? _________________________________________
Study the chart below to answer questions 3 – 5.
Building
Blocks
Necessary
Elements
Functions
Carbohydrates
Simple Sugars
(monosaccharides)
C, H, O
C
Lipids
A
Protein
Amino acids
C, H, O
B
Serve as
sources of long
term energy,
parts of cell
structures and
insulation
Serve as parts of
cell structures
and as organic
catalyts
3.
Identify A: the building blocks of lipids. (Hint: there are TWO answers)
____________________ & ___________________
4.
Identify B: the necessary elements in proteins. (Hint: there are FOUR answers)
_____, _____, _____ and _____
5.
Identify C: the function of carbohydrates. _____________________________
The following diagrams show structural models of two molecules.
6.
What can be inferred about bonding patterns from these diagrams?
A.
Bonds are formed by attraction between atoms and can be
represented by lines on a structural model.
B.
Bonds can be formed only between carbon and hydrogen in
organic molecules.
C.
Bonds form molecules that are all the same shape.
D.
Bonds form only in structures that are not organic.
Objective: Distributed Practice
Refer to energy pyramid in the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
3. At which level is a pesticide such as DDT most concentrated within the organisms?
__________
4. Which level would be occupied by grasses? ___________
5. Why are there usually no more than 4 trophic levels on an energy pyramid?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis and Respiration Assessment
Form A
Photosynthesis Objective
The equation below represents a summary of a biological process.
1.
This process is completed in:
(a) mitochondria
(b) cell membranes
(c) ribosomes
(d) chloroplasts
2.
What is the name of this process?
3.
Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomates, which allow for gas
exchange between the leaf and the outside environment. Which phrase best represents
the flow of gases into and out of the leaf during photosynthesis?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
________________________
carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out
carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out
oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out
water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out
Study the experimental setup below to answer questions 3 and 4.
4.
When this experimental set up is exposed to light, gas bubbles are given off by the plant.
What gas do these bubbles contain?
______________________________
5.
Other than adjusting the amount of light in this setup, what other variable might the
scientist manipulate to reduce the numbers of gas bubbles released by the plant?
Cellular Respiration Objective
The flow of energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. The diagram below
summarizes the transfer of energy that eventually powers muscle activity.
1.
The process of cellular respiration is represented by:
(a) arrow A, only
(b) arrow b, only
(b) arrow C, only
(4) arrows A, B, and C
2.
In aerobic respiration, what two substances must combine to produce carbon dioxide and
water?
A. carbon dioxide and water
C. glucose and oxygen
B. oxygen and water
D. glucose and carbon dioxide
Study the diagram below to answer question 3 and 4.
A
ATP
ADP
B
3. In step A, describe how ATP is converted to ADP using the words “energy” and
“phosphate” group in your answer.__________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. In which cell organelle does the above process take place? _______________________
An experimental setup is described below. Use the information to answer questions 5 and 6.
A student added 10 mL of a yeast suspension and 10 mL of water to two test tubes. Yeast cells
are heterotrophs. The student then added 5 grams of glucose to one of the test tubes. Both test
tubes were gently swirled to mix the contents and then placed in a warm water bath for 15
minutes. During that time, the student counted the gas bubbles that formed in each tube.
5. The gas bubbles produced in this experiment contained ______________.
6. The purpose of this experiment was most likely to
a. investigate the effect of heat on the metabolic activity of yeast
b. investigate the effect of glucose on the metabolic activity of yeast
c. investigate the solubility of yeast at warm temperatures
d. investigate the solubility of glucose
Enzymes and pH
1.
Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above
and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the
effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Refer to the graph below to answer 2 and 3.
2.
Which enzyme (pepsin or trypsin) works primarily in an acid environment?
_________________
3.
Explain why you chose your above answer. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________
4.
Using the term active site, explain why an enzyme will not work on a particular substrate
at a very high temperature?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6.
To which group of organic compounds do enzymes belong? ______________________