Download Test 5 packet 2009

Test 4: The Muslim World, the Byzantine Empire, and the Russian Empire
11.1 The Byzantine Empire—After Rome split, the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, flourishes for a thousand years.
I.
A New Rome in a New Setting
a. The Eastern Roman Empire
i. Roman Empire officially divides
ii. Eastern Empire flourishes; becomes known
iii. Justinian becomes
iv. His armies
v. Byzantine emperors head
II.
Life in the New Rome
a. New Laws for the Empire
i. Justinian seeks to revise
ii. Justinian Code:
iii. Code regulates much of
b. Creating the Imperial Capital
i. Justinian launches program
ii. Constructs new buildings
iii. Byzantines preserve
c. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace
i. City becomes trading
ii. Giant Hippodrome
iii. Racing fans start riot
iv. Empress Theodora:
III.
The Empire Falls
a. Years of Turmoil
i. Justinian dies in
b. The Plague of Justinian
i. Bubonic plague repeatedly
c. Attacks from East and West
i. Byzantium faces attacks from many
ii. Empire survives through
iii. Constantinople falls in
IV.
The Church Divides
a. A Religious Split
i. Christianity develops
ii. Two churches disagree
iii. Icons are religious
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iv. Pope is the leader of the Church in the
v. In the West, pope excommunicated
vi. Pope and Patriarch
vii. Eastern and Western Churches
viii. West-Roman Catholic Church
b. Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs
i. Eastern Orthodox missionaries seek to
ii. Missionaries create Cyrillic
iii. Slavs forming
Theodora: woman of Will—read the passage and answer the following questions.
1.
What does Theodora mean by the last sentence in the quotation (at the top of the page)?
2.
What obstacles did Theodora have to overcome to rise in society?
3.
Why do you think actresses were looked down on?
4.
What Roman influences were apparent in the Byzantine Empire?
5.
What would have happened if Justinian had fled Constantinople?
6.
What is an example in history where the leaders fled for safety?
7.
What divisions split Byzantine society during Theodora’s time?
8.
How did Theodora use her position to help her fellow Byzantines? What is the role of the First Lady today?
Timeline of the Byzantine Empire—Fill in significant events of the Byzantine Empire on the appropriate date.

330

395

527

532

537

542

548

565

626

674

717

730

843

860

1043

1054

1204

1350

1453
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Discovery Channel: Byzantium
Part I
1. Where is Istanbul?
2. What was the capitol of the Byzantine Empire? When was it founded? Who founded it?
3. Constantinople is located near which body of water?
4. Why were large walls built around Constantinople?
5. What is the argument for the “fall of Rome?”
6. Who were Justinian and Theodora?
7. Latin was replaced by _______________________ in the Byzantine Empire.
8. Who lived along the streets of the city? (outside of the palace)
9. In the 700’s conflict with the _____________________ emerged.
10. Approximately, how many people per day died of the Bubonic Plague?
11. In the 900’s, the _________________________________ entered Byzantium.
12. Moscow declared itself the “____________________ ____________________.”
Part II
1. What religion were the Ottoman Turks?
2. Edirne was the center of the _____________________ Empire.
3. Mistra was close to what Greek city-state?
4. Who was Plethon?
5. What does the double-headed eagle represent?
6. In 1439, the _____________________________________________ was signed.
7. Who was the new emperor in Constantinople?
8. What happened on the last day of Byzantium?
9. How did Constantine XI die?
10. What was St. Sophia converted into?
11. Why was the Academy was created?
12. What does “Istanbul” mean?
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11.2 The Russian Empire—Russia grows out of a blending of Slavic and Byzantine cultures and adopts Eastern Orthodox
traditions.
I.
Russia’s Birth
a. Emergence of Russian Culture
i. Byzantium trades with
ii. Eventually Slavic and
b. Geography of Russia
i. Russian territory:
ii. Forests in north,
c. Slavs and Vikings
i. In 800s, Vikings
ii. Vikings and
d. Kiev Becomes Orthodox
i. Princess Olga of Kiev visits
ii. Her grandson, Vladimir,
iii. In 989,
iv. Beliefs and traditions of
II.
Kiev’s Power and Decline
a. Kievan Russia
i. Vladimir expands Russia into
ii. Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav
iii. Forges alliances, creates
b. Kiev’s Decline
i. Yaroslav divides
ii. Trade is
iii. The Crusades—
III.
The Mongol Invasions
a. The Mongols
i. Mongols, nomads from
ii. Kiev falls in
iii. Mongols rule much of
b. Mongol Rule in Russia
i. Mongols give Russians
ii. Russian nobles such as Alexander
iii. Mongol rule isolates
IV.
Russia Breaks Free
a. The Rise of Moscow
i. Moscow founded in 1100s
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b. Moscow’s Powerful Princes
i. Moscow’s princes grow
c. An Empire Emerges
i. Late 1400s Ivan III becomes
ii. Take the name czar,
iii. Russian and Mongol armies
iv. Both armies
Growth of Early Russia—Read the paragraphs below and study the map. Then answer the questions that follow.
During the sixth and seventh centuries, Scandinavian traders transported goods to and from Constantinople.
They traveled through an area of present-day Russia so frequently that communities and a primitive government began
to form. These Scandinavians even coined the word Russia. They may have gotten it from the Greek word for red, which
was the hair color of many of these Viking traders.
Around 855, a Danish man named Rurik became the first Russian king and Kiev became the center of early
Russia. A descendant of Rurik, Vladimir I, who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted early Russia to Christianity. Although
Kiev’s proximity and contact with Byzantium is largely responsible for the conversion to Christianity, one account states
that Vladimir chose Christianity over Islam because he could not accept a religion that rejected alcohol.
Kievan Russia declined in the 12th century because of internal problems and the Mongol invasions. Around 1300,
the Orthodox Church chose Moscow as its center. As a result, Moscow, originally a region of Russia, began to emerge
as an important city.
1. How did the location of Kiev contribute to its rise as the center of early Russia?
2. What geographical features made the location of Moscow so valuable?
3. Compare Moscow of 1505 to Moscow of 1300. How did the region change?
4. Where did the word Russia possible come from? Why was did they chose it?
5. What is one theory on why Vladimir chose Christianity over Islam?
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10.1 The Rise of Islam—Muhammad unifies the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam.
I.
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
a. The Arabian Peninsula
i. A crossroads of 3 continents:
ii. Mostly
b. Crossroads of Trade and Ideas
i. Many sea and land
c. Mecca
i. Pilgrims come to Mecca
ii. Arabs associate shrine with
iii. Some tribes worship
iv. Some Arabs believe in
II.
The Prophet Muhammad
a. Early Life
i. Around 570 CE
ii. Becomes a trader,
b. Revelations
i. By age 40,
ii. He hears angel Gabriel
iii. Muhammad found religion of
iv. Many join him and become
c. The Hijrah
i. Muhammad’s followers are
ii. Hijrah:
iii. Muhammad attracts many more
1.
political leader:
2.
religious leader:
3.
military leader:
d. Returning to Mecca
i. In 630, Muhammad and
ii. Meccan leaders
iii. Muhammad destroys
iv. Meccans convert
v. Muhammad unifies
III.
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
a. Islam
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i. The main teaching of Islam is
ii. People are responsible for their
iii. Islamic monument in
iv. Muslims believe Muhammad rose
b. The Five Pillars
i. Muslims carry out
1.
statement of
2.
pray
3.
give
4.
fast between
5.
perform the
c. A Way of Life
i. Customs and traditions
ii. Scholar class,
d. Sources of Authority
i. Original source of
ii. Qur’an:
iii. Muslims follow Sunna:
iv. Shari’a: guidance of
e. Links to Judaism and Christianity
i. To Muslims, Allah is
ii. Qur’an, Gospels, Torah
iii. Muslims, Christians, and
iv. All three religions
v. Shari’a law requires
Primary source: from the Qur’an—read the passage then answer the questions that follow.
“Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another, and for that they have
expended their property. Righteous women are therefore obedient, guarding the secret for God’s guarding…
If a women fear rebelliousness or aversion in her husband, there is not fault in them if the couple set things right between them; rights
settlement is better; and souls are very prone to avarice. If you do good and are godfearing, surely God is aware of the things you do.”
1.
What does the passage tell you about rights of men and women?
2.
What should a woman do if her husband acts like he doesn’t like her?
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History makers: Muhammad- The Messenger of Allah—As you read the handout answer the following questions.
1.
Why was Muhammad’s early life difficult? Do you think it influenced his spirituality?
2.
What evidence is there that Muhammad was a good business man and a wise leader?
3.
Why did the Meccan merchants objects to Muhammad’s message?
4.
According to Muhammad, what happens to nonbelievers?
5.
Why do you think initially Muhammad only told his wife and close friends about his vision of Gabriel?
10.2 Islam Expands—In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims create a huge empire that includes land on three
continents.
I.
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
a. A New Leader
i. In 632, Muhammad
ii. Caliph, title for
b. “Rightly Guided” Caliphs
i. First 4 caliphs guided by
ii. Jihad, armed struggle
iii. Muslims control all of
iv. By 750,
c. Reasons for Success
i. Muslims armies are well
ii. Byzantine and Sassanid empires are
iii. Persecuted citizens
iv. Attracted to
d. Treatment of Conquered Peoples
i. Muslim invaders
ii. Christians, Jews, receive
II.
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis
a. Rise of Umayyads
i. Struggles for power end the
ii. Wealthy family,
b. Sunni—Shi’a Split
i. Shi’a—“party” of
ii. Sunni—followers of
iii. Sufi followers pursue
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iv. In 750, a rebel group
III.
Control Extends Over Three Continents
a. Fall of the Umayyads
i. Abbasids murder Umayyad
ii. Flees to Spain;
iii. Al-Andalus
b. Abbasids Consolidate Power
i. In 762, Abbasids
ii. Location provides
iii. Abbasids develop strong
c. Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands
i. Independent Muslim states
ii. Fatimid caliphate
iii. Begins in North Africa;
d. Muslim Trade Network
i. Muslims trade by
ii. Muslim merchants use
iii. Cordoba, in al-
10.3 Muslim Culture—as you read the section, complete the chart below.
1. What were the 5 major Islamic
cities?
2. What were the 4 social classes?
3. Who were the “protected people”?
4. What was the role of women in
Muslim society?
5. How did Muslim scholars help
preserve the knowledge of the
ancient Greeks and Romans?
6. What is an astrolabe? What was its
main purpose to Muslims?
7. Give 1 contribution in medicine:
8. Who was Ibn Sina?
9. When the Muslim Empire broke up,
what 3 empires reflected the blended
culture?
Mathematics:
Who was Ibn Battuta?
Astronomy:
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Religions of the World: Islam
1.
When did the prophet Muhammad live and introduce his religion to the world?
2.
Who is the founder of Islam? Whom do the Muslims worship?
3.
Approximately how much of the world’s current population is Muslim? Where are the greatest number of
Muslims found today?
4.
Why was Muhammad not warmly received in his own city when he returned with his divine revelation?
5.
Why was Muhammad’s flight to Medina so important to the future of Islam?
6.
What are caliphs?
7.
What is the Qur’an, and why should it be read in Arabic?
8.
Why is it common for Muslim women to wear scarves on their heads in the mosque or in public?
9.
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
10. What is Ramadan?
11. Name 2 examples of actions forbidden by Islamic law.
1.
2.
12. Describe some of the key rituals and festivals associated with the pilgrimage to Mecca.
13. What are the distinguishing features of each major Islamic sect?
Sunni:
Shi’a:
14. What are 3 factors leading to the spread and increase of Islam?
1.
2.
3.
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The Byzantine Empire
Justinian
Justinian Code
Theodora
Hippodrome/Nika Rebellion
Constantinople
End of Byzantine Empire
Ottomans
Christianity splits
Pope/Patriarch
Roman Catholic
Orthodox Christian
The Russian Empire
Cyrillic Alphabet
Russian culture
Kiev
Vikings
Slavs
Princess Olga
Vladimir I
Yaroslav the Wise
Crusades
Mongols
Batu Khan
Alexander Nevsky
Moscow
Czar Ivan III
The Muslim World
Arabian Peninsula
Ka’aba
Allah
Muhammad
Gabriel
Hijrah
Mecca
Medina
5 Pillars
Ulama
Qur’an
Sunna
Shari’a
Links to Christianity and Judaism
Abu Bakr
Caliph
“Rightly-guided caliphs”
Jihad
Umayyads
Sunni/Shi’a/Sufi
Abbasids
Trading networks
Class system
Women’s role
Math
Medicine
Science
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