Download Assessment - Sonoma Valley High School

Chapter 1: The Science of Life
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best
matches the term or phrase.
_____ 1. hypothesis
_____ 2. resolution
_____ 3. magnification
_____ 4. base unit
_____ 5. dependent
variable
_____ 6. independent
variable
_____ 7. homeostasis
_____ 8. peer review
a. variable that is measured in an
experiment
b. the maintenance of a stable level of
internal conditions
c. a proposed explanation to a scientific
question
d. a factor that differs in the control
group and the experimental group of
an experiment
e. the increase of an object’s apparent
size
f. critique of a scientific paper by an
expert in the field
g. the power to show details clearly in an
image
h. fundamental SI unit
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best
completes each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 9. A theory, in the scientific sense, is
a. the same as a hypothesis.
b. an uncertain guess.
c. a set of tested and confirmed related hypotheses.
d. a prediction.
_____ 10. The function of the eyepiece in a compound light microscope is to
a. provide light for viewing the image.
b. support the slide containing the specimen.
c. magnify the image.
d. stain the specimen.
_____ 11. During a scientific investigation, a researcher generally forms a hypothesis
and makes predictions
a. before asking questions.
b. after drawing conclusions.
c. before collecting observations.
d. after collecting observations.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
9
Chemistry of Life
The Science of Life
_____ 12. The presence of viruses inside a cell can best be seen using a
a. compound light microscope.
b. transmission electron microscope.
c. scanning electron microscope.
d. hand lens.
_____ 13. All of the following are important themes in biology EXCEPT the
a. classification of living organisms.
b. diversity and unity of life.
c. interdependence of living organisms.
d. evolution of life.
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the
space provided.
14. A(n) _______________________ is the smallest unit capable of all life functions.
15. The hierarchy of organization in a multicellular organism consists of cells,
_______________________, _______________________, and
_______________________.
16. All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment
through the process of _______________________.
17. Parents produce offspring through _______________________.
18. Organisms that are _______________________ related are placed on branches
that are close together in a tree of life.
19. _______________________ as a theme in biology helps biologists understand
how organisms are related to other living organisms and to organisms that have
lived in the past.
20. When an owl dilates its pupils in response to decreased light, it is responding to a
_______________________.
21. An organism’s _______________________ is all of the chemical reactions that it
carries out in order to run the processes of life.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
10
Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 1. A substance that cannot be
broken down by chemical
means into simpler kinds of
matter is a(n)
a. element.
b. atom.
c. molecule.
d. electron.
_____ 5. Water is _______, therefore
_______ substances
dissolve in it.
a. polar, nonpolar
b. polar, polar
c. nonpolar, polar
d. nonpolar, nonpolar
_____ 6. Chemical reactions may
_______ energy.
a. absorb
b. release
c. require
d. All of the above
_____ 2. The bonds between the
atoms that make up water
molecules are called
a. covalent bonds.
b. hydrogen bonds.
c. ionic and covalent bonds.
d. covalent and hydrogen
bonds.
_____ 7. Without energy, organisms
could NOT
a. maintain homeostasis.
b. carry out chemical
reactions.
c. make their own food.
d. All of the above
_____ 3. An atom is called an ion
when it has
a. either lost or gained
electrons.
b. either lost or gained
protons.
c. more neutrons than
protons.
d. lost its nucleus.
_____ 8. Compounds are formed
when
a. atoms of an element lose
an electron.
b. atoms of an element gain
an electron.
c. atoms of the same
element join together.
d. atoms of two different
elements join together.
_____ 4. A solution is a mixture of
a. polar and nonpolar
substances.
b. protons and neutrons.
c. unevenly distributed
substances.
d. evenly distributed
substances.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
11
Chemistry of Life
Chemistry of Life
_____ 9. Enzymes
a. are usually carbohydrates.
b. can only catalyze a reaction once.
c. reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions.
d. eliminate the activation energy of chemical reactions.
_____ 10. Water stores heat much longer than other substances do, allowing
organisms to
a. heat themselves through evaporation.
b. maintain a stable internal temperature.
c. dissolve nonpolar compounds.
d. maintain surface tension.
_____ 11. The concentration of hydronium ions in a solution with a pH of 4 is
how many times that of a solution with a pH of 2?
a. 2
c. 100
b. 10
d. 1,000
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term
or phrase.
a. an attraction between substances
of the same kind
b. a reactant loses an electron
c. bond found in a water molecule
d. a reactant gains an electron
e. an attraction between different
substances
f. having a pH above 7
g. bond found between water
molecules
h. a compound that forms
hydronium ions when dissolved
in water
_____ 12. alkaline
_____ 13. cohesion
_____ 14. adhesion
_____ 15. acid
_____ 16. oxidation
_____ 17. reduction
_____ 18. covalent bond
_____ 19. hydrogen bond
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
17
Biochemistry
Chemistry of Life
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space
provided.
20. Molecules that are _______________________ dissolve best in water, while
_______________________ molecules do not dissolve well in water.
21. The weak chemical attraction between water molecules are
_______________________ bonds, while the stronger chemical bonds
between the atoms of each water molecule are _______________________
bonds.
22. Unlike most solids, solid _______________________ is less dense than its
liquid form.
23. A hydrogen ion reacts with a water molecule to form a
_______________________ ion.
24. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, it dissociates to form
_______________________ _______________________ and
_______________________ _______________________.
25. Enzymes are a type of _______________________, which reduces the
activation energy of a chemical reaction.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
18
Biochemistry
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 1. All organic compounds
contain
a. nitrogen.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon.
d. amino acids.
_____ 5. A substrate attaches to the
_______ of an enzyme.
a. peptide bond
b. R group
c. active site
d. activator
_____ 2. Enzymes
a. are usually
carbohydrates.
b. can only catalyze a
reaction once.
c. reduce the activation
energy of chemical
reactions.
d. eliminate the activation
energy of chemical
reactions.
_____ 6. A model of enzyme action
is the
a. induced fit model.
b. lipid bilayer model.
c. activator action model.
d. active site model.
_____ 7. Monomers link to form
polymers through a
chemical reaction called a
_______ reaction.
a. hydrolysis
b. redox
c. condensation
d. ionic
_____ 3. Which of the following
groups of terms is
associated with
carbohydrates?
a. monosaccharide,
glycogen, cellulose
b. monosaccharide,
cellulose, lipid
c. disaccharide,
polysaccharide, steroid
d. polysaccharide, amino
acid, collagen
_____ 8. All of the following are
functional groups EXCEPT
a. a hydroxyl group.
b. an amino group.
c. a carboxyl group.
d. a carbonate group.
_____ 9. A phospholipid molecule
contains all of the following
EXCEPT
a. two fatty acids.
b. three fatty acids.
c. a phosphate group.
d. glycerol
_____ 4. Two polysaccharides that
store glucose are
a. starch and waxes.
b. starch and glycogen.
c. sucrose and cellulose.
d. cellulose and glycogen.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
19
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term
or phrase.
_____ 10. carbohydrate
a. subunit of most lipids
_____ 11. functional group
b. molecule that stores energy
c. molecule made of repeating units
_____ 12. monomer
d. functions in protein synthesis
_____ 13. polymer
e. cluster of atoms that influence the
molecules they compose
_____ 14. ATP
f. contains genetic information
_____ 15. DNA
g. subunit of protein
_____ 16. RNA
_____ 17. amino acid
h. small simple molecule that makes up
a larger molecule
_____ 18. nucleotide
i. ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1
oxygen
_____ 19. fatty acid
j. contains a phosphate group, a sugar,
and a nitrogenous base
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. Refer to the
diagrams below to answer questions 20–22.
20. Identify the class of organic compound represented by each of the molecules
shown above.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
1
The Science of Life
Biochemistry
21. For each type of compound shown in the diagram, explain the role it plays in
your body.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
22. How can you tell whether a compound is organic or not?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
23. Explain why living things need energy and where they get it.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
24. Briefly describe the function of ATP in cells.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
25. Why is cholesterol needed by the body?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
2
The Science of Life