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NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC READINGS ON VOLCANOES
Please write your answers in complete sentences on a separate piece of paper.
1. March 1975 - Hawaii
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How high was the tsunami that hit Hilo Bay? # of deaths? # of dollars in damage?
What is the tallest volcano on the big island? How tall?
How many volcanoes are on the Big Island?
Describe 3 reasons why Mauna Kea is a good place for an astronomical observatory
a
T or F Hawaii is the southernmost state in the country.
b
T or F There is a fancy hotel built right on the rim of the volcano crater.
c
T or F You can ride/ski some nice turns in Hawaii.
2. Jan. 1981 - Mt. St. Helens (3 stories in one)
1. What were geologist David Johnston's last words? What was he talking about?
2. How fast was the initial blast traveling?
3. Describe three effects that the blast had on the surrounding countryside.
4. What was the magnitude of the earthquake which triggered the May 18 eruption?
5. How many more times bigger than St. Helens was the blast of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake)?
for the diagram.
Look
3. Nov. 1982 - The Disaster of El Chichon
1. How high is this volcano? What is the meaning of chichon?
2. If this volcano blew 10 times the amount of ash that Mt. St. Helens did, then why was it not
reported very much in the news?
3. How long did the eruption last?
4. How does the ash in the air possibly alter global climate?
5. Why was it difficult to find out how many people died in the eruption?
4. May 1986 - Eruption in Columbia
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What word do scientists use to describe a volcanic mudflow?
At what time did the mud flow sweep through the village?
T or F Tons of lava came out of this eruption.
How many people died during the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in 1985?
How many miles away was the town of Armero? Then why was it ruined?
How did some people revive a cow?
How does Japan help protect people from mudflows?
5. May 1990 – Africa’s Great Rift Valley
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The rift valley goes right through which three countries?
The rift valley creates lakes along the borders of which countries?
What country is the Virunga volcano in?
How hot does the air temperature get near Lake Assal?
6. Dec. 1990 - Earth Almanac (look in the back of magazine – small article)
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What Alaskan volcano erupted on April 21, 1990?
Explain the distances people saw the ash in the air, both east and northeast.
Why did the eruption get little acknowledgement?
How high did the ash from the mushroom cloud shoot upward?
Was this a pyroclastic eruption? Why or why not?
7. Dec. 1992 - Crucibles of Creation
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How many people were killed in Mt. Pinatubo's eruption?
What caused the most damage in the eruption?
How did Maurice and Katia Krafft die? Be specific.
What problems do volcanoes with glaciers on them present if they erupt?
What volcano sent a pyroclastic flow of hot gases down its side, killing 30,000?
What triggered the big Mt. St. Helens eruption?
8. July 1997 – Montserrat: Under the Volcano
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What causes this volcano?
Where have many of the islanders gone?
What happened to the capital town, Plymouth?
T or F
Much of the island has been covered in lava.
9. May 1998 – Cascadia: Living on Fire
1. Oregon schools have mandatory safety drills for what natural disasters?
2. What is the greatest danger that Mt. Rainier poses to nearby residents?
3. Does movement along subduction zones and faults occur slowly or all at once?
Explain your answer.
4. What is liquefaction? For what cities or areas is it a major concern?
5. By studying the blast of Mt.St.Helens, scientists figured out why the landscape around this
other volcano looks the way it does. What is the volcano, and what are the similar
features?
10. Jan. 1999 – Popocatepetl: Mexico’s Smoking Mountain
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How tall is this volcano?
What is the biggest danger to people living nearby?
What is CENAPRED?
What do the majority of people living nearby this volcano do for a living?
11. Nov. 2000 – Rappel into Hell
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What country is this volcano located in?
Volcanic gases mix with rain to create what danger to explorer’s of this volcano?
What does Niri Taten mean?
T or F There is a lava lake inside the crater.
What happened with the porters?
12. Aug. 2001 – Frozen Inferno
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What are “gomuls”?
Where in Russia are these volcanoes located?
What was done to prevent acid from eating through the seams in the rubber raft?
The Valley of Geysers and the Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve are located in a 40-mile
area called __________________.
5. What makes the hot springs so colorful?
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Notice the photographer and two team members are the same people that did the expedition in
the Nov. 2000 article.
13. Oct. 2001 – Northern California: Where Volcanoes Sleep.
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What kind of volcano is Lassen Peak?
Why is a thermal area named Bumpass Hell?
When was the last time Lassen erupted?
What is the name of the tiny southernmost part of the Juan de Fuca plate subducting under
northern California?
5. Whey is Glass Mountain in Lava Beds National Monument named as such?
14. Jan. 2003 – The Strangest Volcano on Earth
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What is the name of this volcano?
Where is it located?
Natrocarbonatite has a chemical composition similar to _________________.
T or F At 1000oF this lava is only about ½ as hot as basalt lava, but it will still toast
your bagel.
5. T or F This lava has lots of silica and is highly viscous.
6. T or F This lava does not break down easily and retains its color for years.
15. October 2004 – Red Hot Hawaii
1. How long has the Pu’uO’o crater on Kilauea been erupting?
2. Name 3 things visitors leave at the edge of Kilauea’s Hem’uma’u crater as offerings for
Pele.
3. How many active volcanoes are on the Big Island of Hawaii?
4. T or F Sheep and goats are native to Hawaii.
5. What is a kipuka?
16.
September 2007 – Vesuvius Countdown, Asleep for Now
1. When were the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum buried by Vesuvius ash?
2. What is the Red Zone?
3. When was the last eruption of Vesuvius?
4. According to the article, a pyroclastic surge (same as glowing cloud) goes _____ mph, has
temps of ____, and covered the surrounding area with up to ______ of ash 3 miles away.
5. T or F
The 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption was bigger than the 1780 BC Avellino eruption.