Download Chapter 10 Lesson 4 The War of 1812 - RUSD

Chapter 10 Lesson 4 The War of 1812
The War Begins
Britain did not want a ___ with the United States because it was still involved in a war
with _______. So, the British announced they would no longer _______ with American
________. Slow _____ of the day prevented this news from reaching the ______
_______ until weeks after _________ had approved _________ request for a
___________ of war.
The War of ____ had two phases. From 1812-1814, Britain focused on its war against
________ and paid little attention to the war in ______ America, although it did send
some ships to ________ the coast. The second phase of the war started after the _______
defeated ______ in 1814. Now, the ________ could turn their complete attention to the
United States.
When war was declared in 1812, the U.S. _______ was _____. Democratic
Republicans had reduced the size of the ______ forces, the Navy only had ___ ships, and
the army had fewer than ____ men. Even those soldiers were poorly ______ and
equipped. Many were inexperienced soldiers and those with experience often were lazy
or _____ too much.
The First Phase of the War (1812-1814)
Despite its small size, the U.S. _____ rose to the challenge. Its warships were the
_______ afloat. American Naval officers had gained valuable _________ fighting the
_________ Pirates in the ____________ Sea. Early in the war ships like the U.S.S.
____________ won stirring victories and helped to boost American __________.
The most important navy victory took place on Lake ____. The Americans had begun
to build a fleet of _____ in the winter of 1812-____. Oliver Hazard _______ took charge
of the infant ______. In September of ____, the British set out to ______ the American
ships. Perry said this would be the most important day of his ____ as they sailed out to
meet the enemy. His ship called the __________ flew a flag with a message to his men.
It said, “Don’t _____ __ the ____.”
The battle raged for __ hours and Perry’s ships was __________ and his guns put out
of action. However, he grabbed the ship’s _______ and leaped into a ________. Under
fire, he a ____ companions rowed to another _____. In the second ship, they destroyed
___ of the enemy’s ships and forced the _______ to surrender.
When General _________ received Perry’s note of victory, he set out to attack the
_______ . Knowing Lake Erie was in American control, he sailed his troops across it like
an open door into British Canada. The British troops had _________. Harrison pursued
them and defeated them at the Battle of the _______. This battle helped America gain
control of the __________ and also claimed the life of _________ who died in the battle
fighting for the British. The Americans then advanced on the British Capitol in Canada
called York (Toronto today). The Americans set fire to the city which angered the
British.
The Second Phase of the War
With France out of the way, the British now turned their full attention to defeating the
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_______ ______. They planned to attack the United States in 3 places to spread out the
small American forces. First on the list was an attack on the _______ of the United
States. A huge British fleet sailed into Chesapeake Bay, bringing thousands of soldiers.
Once on land, they marched into Washington D.C. and began setting public buildings on
____. From the White House, First Lady Dolley ________ could see the fires and the
Capitol Building on fire. She knew the White House would be next. As British troops
marched up Pennsylvania Ave. she started instructing staff to gather up items important
to our nation’s history. Not her stuff, but “our” things. She insisted on waiting until the
large painting of ______ _________ was taken down before fleeing the White House.
The British burned the Executive Mansion, which later would be painted white to cover
up the burn marks still left on parts of the grey sandstone mansion. Over 100 years later,
the house would officially be called the White House. The British then went to attack the
nearby port city of Baltimore, Maryland which was guarded by Fort _______.
The people of Baltimore organized to build defenses, sank many of their own ships to
the bottom of the entrance to Baltimore Harbor to block British ships from entering and
settled in for the coming bombardment. The British fleet had cannons that fired 2 miles,
and rockets with a range of 1.75 miles. Using both weapons, they bombed Baltimore in a
heavy rain from dawn on September 13 for 25 hours. Francis Scott ___, an American
lawyer watched the bombardment from a ________ ship. The two sides exchanged
cannon and rocket fire which lit up the night. The blasts would illuminate the huge flag
the Americans had defiantly put up on Fort McHenry. The flag measured 42 feet wide by
30 feet tall. It was made by Mary Pickersgill and is currently at the Smithsonian being
restored. Francis Scott Key watched and was inspired by the moment to write a poem
about what he was witnessing. His poem was later set to music and became our nation’s
_________ _________.
Meanwhile in the North, the British sent a force across Lake __________. They
wanted to push ______ and cut off New _______. The plan failed when the American
fleet defeated the British in the Battle of Lake __________.
In the South, the British set out to attack the port of ____ _______. In December of
1814, _____ British troops approached Louisiana. The Americans patched together a
force led by a fiery general named _______ Jackson. Jackson built his defenses away
from the coast out of range of British warships, picked a location near swamps the British
would not be able to cross, and built his walled defenses on a narrow stretch of land. If
the British wanted him, they would have to come and get him. When they did, the
Americans mowed down the approaching _________. In less than two hours, _____
British soldiers were killed or wounded, while only __ Americans were hurt of killed.
Jackson became an American hero and would later be elected President. For the British,
it was a bitter end to another conflict with the United States. What made things worse
was the realization that the ______ of Ghent ending the war had been signed on
December ___. The Battle of New Orleans was on January __. Because of slow _____,
the soldiers attacking at New Orleans did not know the war was already over. They died
for nothing.
Legacy of the War
* Heroes such as Oliver ______ and Andrew ________ helped increase American
__________. It improved our nation’s unity and spirit called Nationalism.
* The war broke the strength of the _______ Americans who had sided with the
_________.
* The British blockade and cutting off of our ______, forced Americans to produce
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and manufacture goods themselves.
* The United States proved it could ______ itself against the mightiest ________
power of the era. It would soon be a force to be reckoned with.
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