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DATE:
NAME:
Science 7
Planet Earth
The Moving Crust
CLASS:
Topic 4
Textbook
Read pages 382 – 394 in your textbook and answer the following questions
1. Complete the chart below with the different sections of the Earth’s layers.
Description
Temp.
Thickness (km)
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
2. If you were traveling at 100 km/h, how long would it take you to travel through:
the Earth’s Crust
the entire Mantle
the Center of the Earth
Evidence for Continental Drift:
3. How does a map of the world show evidence that continents may have or may still be moving?
4. One scientist who wondered about the fit of the continents was ___________________________.
Biological Evidence:
5. What did Wegener notice about the fossils of several plants and animals found on different
continents?
6. Define CONTINENTAL DRIFT –
Evidence from Rocks:
7. What did geologists discover about the types of rocks on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean that
helped to support continental drift.
8. Explain how trilobite fossils found on the Himalayan Mountains in India help to support the idea
of continental drift.
Geological Evidence of Climate:
9. Explain how coal and glacial deposits give evidence to either changes in the Earth’s climate or
that the land masses had moved.
Response to Wegener
10. In 1915, Wegener published his findings in a book called ______________________________.
11. Explain what Wegener’s book stated about Pangaea.
12. What did Wegener think was the force behind the moving continents? ____________________.
13. Because Wegener could not satisfactorily explain the origin of force that moved the continents,
the scientific community (accepted / rejected) his ideas on continental drift.
Advances in Technology:
14. Define SONAR –
15. When many sonar tests from Earth’s oceans were studied, what did the results show about the
bottom of the oceans?
16. Explain what “magnetic reversal” on the sea floor is. Explain how it is formed.
17. Define SEA FLOOR SPREADING –
What Do The Rocks Tell Us?:
18. Complete the Find Out Activity on page 388. Explain how that evidence suggests what was
happening to the sea floor by answering the following questions:
a) What is the age of the oldest rock on the graph? ______________________
b) What is the age of the youngest rock on the graph? ______________________
c) How far away is the oldest rock from the Mid-Atlantic ridge? _____________________
d) How far away is the youngest rock from the Mid-Atlantic ridge? ______________________
e) What can you suggest as to what was happening to the sea floor?
Deep Sea Drilling:
19. Tests on rock samples shoed that (younger / older) rock was closer to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
and (younger / older) rock was closer to the continents.
20. The Atlantic Ocean is getting wider by about _________ a year.
The Theory of Plate Tectonics:
21. The theory on Continental Drift was replaced by the theory of _________________________.
22. Define PLATES –
23. Explain the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
24. Two plates pushing together are called _______________________________.
25. Two plates pulling apart are called _______________________________.
26. List the 8 largest plates.
27. Tuzo Wilson added to the theory of Plate techtonics by developing the concept that plates not
only pushed or pulled, but also _____________________________________.
28. While geologists are still not sure as to what causes the Earth’s plates to move, one explanation
is that ______________________________ move the plates.
29. Places where two plates collide are called _____________________ or _________________
boundaries.
30. The spot where one plates gets shoved under the other when plates collide or converge are
called _______________________ zones.
31. The spot where plates are pushed or pulled apart are called ____________________ zones.
32. In the space below, draw a model on how convection currents might be able to move the plates.
(Use Fig 5.45 on page 392 if you need help).
33. Is the Earth’s crust getting bigger? Explain why or why not?
34. Explain what is meant by Plate Tectonics being a UNIFIED theory.
Review:
35. What are the four main layers of Earth’s interior?
36. List the three kinds of evidence that Wegener collected to support his idea of continental drift
and give an example for each.
37. Give two reasons as to why the plate tectonics theory is different from the ideas of continental
drift.