Download Chapter 20 Study Guide

Chapter 20 Study Guide (30 points)
Briefly describe and tell the significance of each of the following:
1. Ft. Sumter
Union fort in SC; Confederate fired in April 1861 after learning Lincoln ordered supplies (but not more
troops) sent to the fort; shots considered the first of the Civil War; the Union surrendered after 34
hours; After, Lincoln issued a call for volunteers, which aroused both North and South- 4 more
southern states seceded
2. Lincoln’s goals in the war
First and foremost, to preserve the Union (with or without slavery); did not want to declare goal was
to end slavery, for fear of losing Border States
3. Border States
Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky; states with slavery that stayed in the Union;
tremendously influenced Lincoln’s policy and goals in the war (see #2 above); Lincoln inflicted
martial law on MD and sent soldier to WV and MO
4. Goals of the Confederacy
Fight off invaders on their own soil, stand firm on independence
5. Strengths and weaknesses of the Union
Economy greatest strength!
* See handout
6. Strengths and weaknesses of the Confederacy
* See handout
7. Intervention from Britain and France
The South hoped they would come to aid because they depended on southern cotton, but neither did
8. Weaknesses in the Southern cause
- Invincibility of King Cotton- proved false (see #13)
- Shortages of supplies and soldiers
- Poor transportation system
- Economy greatest weakness!
9. States’ rights during the war
Confederate government was created by secession, so they could not deny individual states the right
to secede from them; some state troops refused to serve outside of their borders, GA threatened to
secede from the Confederacy
10. Volunteers
Both sides relied mainly on them at first, but later turned to draftees. Still, most that fought did so
willingly. Overall, More than 90% of Union troops were volunteers.
11. Draftees
A draft was instituted by the Union in 1863, instigating riots and enabling some wealthy to buy their
way out of the draft; The Confederacy turned to a draft earlier, in April 1862.
12. Women and the war
New opportunities in industry and government jobs; some posed as male soldiers, others acted as
spies, nurses, and fundraisers
13. Reasons “King Cotton” failed the South
- Britain had surpluses of cotton when the war began
- British textiles workers sympathized with the North and slaves
- The North captured and sent cotton to Britain
- Britain got cotton from its colonies, Egypt and India
14. Limitations on wartime liberties
- Lincoln proclaimed a blockade without Congressional approval (they were not in session)
- He increased the size of the army, something only Congress could do (they approved it later)
- He ordered the Treasury dept. to transfer $ for military purpose to private citizens (in conflict with
the Constitution)
- he suspended the writ of habeas corpus, enabling gov’t officials to arrest anti-Unionists
- “supervised” voting in Border States, allegedly intimidating voters to support Republicans
- arrested newspaper editors and suspended certain anti-war newspapers
15. Economic results of the war
Pages 447-450