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Unit 2, Chapter 7
Transport Systems
1. Look at the photo of an arteriogram on p. 184. Observing
the three SIZES of blood vessels in red, identify them
generically largest to smallest.
2. What adaptations became necessary to life to move to
land?
3. What specialized vascular tissue in plants carries water
through the plant? Which specialized vascular tissue in
plants carries food (sugar) in the plant?
4. What extensions of the roots of a plant enable more water
and minerals to be taken up from the soil?
5. What chemical polymer provides the rigid support for a
woody stemmed plant?
6. What are mycorrhizae?
7. This working relationship (mycorrhizae) is called a
symbiotic relationship. Define symbiosis. What type of
relationship is the mycorrhizae?
8. Explain the tension-cohesion-transpiration theory of how
water leaves a plant.
9. What are sources and sinks in plants?
10. Study your correlative body systems handout on
circulatory systems from simplest organism to most complex.
That do they all have in common?
11. What type of structure do unicellular organisms have
that live in pond water to maintain homeostasis?
12. Differentiate between open and closed circulatory
systems.
13. What type do earthworms have? Arthropods like insects?
Like crayfish?
14. Trace the evolutionary development of the heart in
vertebrates including a fish, a frog, a turtle, a crocodile, a
bird, a dog, and a human.
15. Why do only veins have valves in them?
16. Label the diagram of the human heart below:
17. What is the advantage to having a closed circulatory
system?
18. What is the advantage to having four chambers vs.
three?
19. What is the heart muscle thicker in the ventricles than
the atria?
20. What is meant by the double circulation system?
21. What are the effects of this on metabolism?
22. Where is the pacemaker of the heart? What does it do?
23. Read the Biological Challenge on p. 199. Who is
associated with the discovery of human blood circulation?
24. How is one able to get blood from the foot to the heart?
25. What regulates the flow of oxygen and nutrients in the
body?
26. What is blood composed of?
27. Describe the structure and development of the rbc’s.
How often does the human body replace them?
28. What is the function of macrophages?
29. What is the function of platelets?
30 How does the lymphatic system contribute to
homeostasis?
31. Explain the process of blood clotting.
32. What happens to the pH of blood when carbon dioxide
dissolves in water or plasma? What is the significance of
this?