Download Pronoun Usage Notes - Garnet Valley School

CHAPTER 22- CORRECT PRONOUN USAGE
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The following chart will help to identify the number, person and gender of personal pronouns.
Nominative Case
Objective Case
Possessive Case
SINGULAR
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
I
you
he she it
me
you
him her it
my mine
your yours
his her hers its
PLURAL
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
we
you
they
us
you
them
our ours
your yours
their theirs
Case:
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A.
The form that a _______________ or _________________ takes to indicate its use in a sentence.
Three cases in English: ___________________
Nominative Case:
1)
A __________________ of a verb is in the nominative case.
He went to the game.
John and (he, him) went to the game.
Objective Case:
1)
(She, He) and (I, me) will make the costumes.
The winners are they.
The one who answered was I.
Personal pronouns: ______, _______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ________
An ______________________ of a verb is in the objective case.
My pen-pal visited me last summer.
The new student asked Mary and (I, me) a question.
2)
She thinks they are too expensive.
A ____________________________ is in the nominative case.
The leader of the race is she.
B.
___________________
Personal pronouns: ______, _______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and _______
We gathered at the football field.
2)
____________________
The coach awarded her the MVP trophy.
The editor gave (he, him) and (she, her) a nice assignment.
An ________________________________ is in the objective case.
for me
with us
beside him
between you and me
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C.
Possessive Case:
The following personal pronouns are used to show ownership or relationship:
__________
_______________________________________________________________________
1)
The possessive pronouns __________, ___________, _________, _________, ________, ___________,
& ___________ are used in the same ways as pronouns in the nominative and objective cases are used.
Your car and mine need a tune up.
This yearbook is hers.
Mr. Kocur gave theirs a quick glance.
2)
We ordered ours yesterday
Next to yours, my car is slow.
The possessive pronouns ________, ___________, _________, _________, ________, ___________, &
___________ are used as adjectives before nouns.
My watch is broken.
3)
His first performance was last year.
A noun or pronoun preceding a ___________________ is in the possessive case..
We were thrilled by Tina’s scoring a 100% on the test.
His parents objected to his working late.
D.
Do you know their address?
We were thrilled by her scoring a 100% on the test.
She laughed at the puppy frolicking around the house.
Special Pronoun Problems
Appositives
1)
An ______________________ is in the same case as the noun or pronoun to which it refers.
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My best friends, Meg and she, have made the team.
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subject (_____________________ case)
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My father paid the two boys, Mark and him, for the job.
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direct object _________________ (case)
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Two juniors, Laura and (she, her) conducted the survey.
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The survey was conducted by two juniors, Laura and (she, her)
Elliptical Constructions
1)
A pronoun following ____________ or ____________ in an elliptical construction is in the same case as it
would be if the construction were completed.
Example 1
Elliptical
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Krista was more frustrated by the assignment than he.
Completed
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Krista was more frustrated by the assignment than he was frustrated..
Elliptical
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The assignment frustrated me as much as him.
Example 2
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Completed
The assignment frustrated me as much as it frustrated him.
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
1)
Singular
Plural
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
A ___________________ pronoun refers to its antecedent, a noun or pronoun that indicates the same
individual(s) or thing(s).
I hurt myself. (myself refers to I)
2)
These computers can repair themselves. (themselves refers to computers)
An ___________________ pronoun emphasizes to its antecedent, a noun or pronoun that indicates the
same individual(s) or thing(s).
My grandfather and I restored the car ourselves. (ourselves emphasizes grandfather and I)
The weather itself seemed to be our enemy. (itself emphasizes weather)
Unlike reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns can be omitted from a sentence.
3)
A pronoun ending in ________ or _________ should not be used in place of a simple personal pronoun.
Example 1
Nonstandard
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Zack and myself went to the ballet
Standard
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Zack and I went to the ballet.
Who and Whom
Nominative Case
who
1)
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whoever
Objective Case
whom
whomever
whose
whoseever
The form an ___________________ pronoun takes depends on its use in the ___________________.
Who is used as a _______________ or ___________________________.
Who played this role on Broadway? (subject)
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Possessive Case
Who was it? (predicate nominative)
Whom is used as an object of a _________________ or an object of a ________________________.
Whom did the president recommend? (subject)
With whom did Heather write the play? (object of the preposition)
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2)
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The form a ______________ pronoun takes depends on its use in the _____________________ clause.
When choosing between who and whom in a subordinate clause, follow these steps:
Example 1: Ms. Wilson, (who, whom) I greatly admire, owns a bakery in our community
Step 1:
Find the subordinate clause
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(who, whom) I greatly admire,
Step 2:
Determine the use of the relative pronoun
(RP) in the clause- S, PN, DO, IO, OP.
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Step 3:
Determine the case for this use of the RP
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direct object = objective case
Step 4:
Select the correct case form of the RP
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the objective form of the RP is whom
RP = direct object of the verb admire
Invert- I greatly admire (who, whom)
Example 2: The prize goes to (whoever, whomever) is the first to solve the riddles.
Step 1:
Find the subordinate clause
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(whoever, whomever) is the first to solve the riddles
Step 2:
Determine the use of the relative pronoun
(RP) in the clause- S, PN, DO, IO, OP.
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RP = subject of the verb is
Step 3:
Determine the case for this use of the RP
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subject = nominative case
Step 4:
Select the correct case form of the RP
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the nominative form of the RP is whoever
Example 3: In Hamlet, the two characters (who, whom) I most admire are Hamlet and Horatio.
Step 1:
Find the subordinate clause
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Step 2:
Determine the use of the relative pronoun
(RP) in the clause- S, PN, DO, IO, OP.
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Step 3:
Determine the case for this use of the RP
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Step 4:
Select the correct case form of the RP
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