Download Mesopotamia Outline Notes

Mesopotamia Outline Notes
Section 1: Geography of the Fertile
Crescent
I. Rivers Support the Growth of
Civilization
A. The Land Between the Rivers
1. Tigris and Euphrates River
2. Mesopotamia means
“between the rivers”
3. Fertile Crescent- a large
arc of rich, or fertile,
farmland that extends from
the Mediterranean Sea to the
Persian Gulf.
B.
The rise of Civilization
1. Every year the rivers
flooded and left behind silt- a
mixture of rich soil and tiny
rocks.
2. Plentiful food led to
population growth, villages
formed and a civilization was
created.
II. Farming and Cities
A. Flooding destroyed crops,
killed livestock, and washed away
homes.
B. Controlling Water
1. irrigation2. canalsC. Food Surpluses
1.Surplus2. Division of labor3.
D. The Appearance of Cities
1.
2.
Section 2: The Rise of Sumer
I.
An Advanced Society
A. Sumerians developed the world’s first civilization.
1. By 3000 BC, Sumerians had settled in Mesopotamia, in a land they
called Sumer
B. The City-States of Sumer
1. Rural
2. Urban
3. City-state
4. Gilgamesh
C. Rise of the Akkadian Empire
1.The Akkadians settled just north of the Sumerians and lived in peace for
awhile.
2. Sargon-broke the peace in the 2300’s by raging war on the Sumerians
3.Sargon was the first leader to have a permanent army
4. Empirea.Stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.
II. Religion Shapes Society
A. Religion was the basis for all of Sumerian society
B. Sumerian Religion
1. Polytheism2. What powers did the gods have….
3. PriestsC. Sumerian Social Order
1. Social Hierarchya.List the order of the Sumerian society
D. Men and Women in Sumer
1.
Section 3: Sumerian Achievements
I.
The invention of writing
A. Cuneiform1.
B. PictographsC. ScribeD. EpicsII. Advances and Inventions
A. Technical Advances
1.
2.
B. Math and Sciences
1.
2.
III. The Arts of Sumer
A. Architecture1.
2. zigguratB. The Arts
1.
2.
3.
Section 4: Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
I.
The Babylonians Conquer Mesopotamia
A. The rise of Babylon
1. MonarchB. Hammurabi’s Code
1.
2.
II. Invasions of Mesopotamia
A. The Hittites and Kassites
1.
2.chariotB. The Assyrians
1.
2.
C. The Chaldeans
1.
2. NebuchadnezzarIII. The Phoenicians
A. The geography of PhoeniciaB. The expansion of Trade
1.
2.
3. alphabet-