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ARTH-211 – History of World Art 1 Instructor: Ann Porter Office: 304A Phone: 642-6275 Notes for pages 254-281—Byzantine Art, c. Byzantine Art—Art of Constantinople Early 5th E-mail: [email protected] century CE – 1453 CE Constantinople (Roman name: Constantinopolis; Greek: Konstantinoupolis) is an old name of the present city of Istanbul in Turkey. Its original name was Byzantium (Greek Byzantion). "Constantinople" is an Anglicization of "Konstantinoupolis," which means "City of Constantine" in Greek, and was given that name in reference to the Roman emperor Constantine I when he made it the capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330 A.D. Constantine actually named it "Nova Roma", but that name never really got into common use. Rome retained its political and commercial privileges. Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. It was sacked by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and then recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261. Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire finally fell to the Ottoman Empire on May 29, 1453. See the Fall of Constantinople. When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital moved from Istanbul to Ankara. Ottoman people were calling their capital city by various names, including Constantinople. Istanbul became the official name as late as 1930. Byzantine (5th century to 726 BCE (onset of inconoclasm)) Hagia Sophia, page 255-257 Central Plan Built 532-537 by 100,000 workers 253’ x 234’ x 180’ (at the top of the dome) San Vitale, page 258-261 Empress Theodora & Attendants, page 261 Theodora may well be considered a noble pioneer of the women's liberation movement. She passed on laws prohibiting forced prostitution and established homes for prostitutes, passed rights that granted women more rights in divorce cases, instituted the death penalty for rape and established laws allowing women to own and inherit property. Daughter of a bear trainer Actress/Prostitute Marries Justinian in 525 Empress in 527 Died June 28, 548 Mosaic in San Vitale Reverse Perspective Fountain, Chalice, Shell Rebecca at the Well, page 264 Virgin & Child with Saints & Angels, p. 266 Middle Byzantine (843-1204 BCE (occupation of Christian Crusaders from the West)) Virgin of Vladimir, page 267, Icons, iconoclasm, aniconic Santa Sofia, Kiev, p. 268 Hosios Loukas, Greece, p. 269 Katholikon, Greece, P.270 Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice, p. 272 Palatine Chapel, Sicily, p. 278 Chamber of King Roger, Sicily, p.278 Late Byzantine (1261-1453 BCE (fall to Ottoman Turks))) Funerary Chapel, Church of the Monastery of Christ, p. 279 Anastasis, p. 279 Old Testament Trinity, p. 280 Art to remember for Exam: Hagia Sophia, 7-24 Empress Theodosia & Attendants, 7-30 Hosios Loukas, 7-41 Anastasis, 7-50 Vocabulary to remember for Exam: Idolatry, Iconoclasm, Pendentive, Squinch, Reverse Perspective, Theotokos Bibliography: Text
