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Name
Class
16 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Date
Chapter Test B
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
a. completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
b. species exactly like those found in South America.
c. species similar to mainland South American species.
d. species completely unrelated to those found in South America.
_____ 2. James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that
a. Earth is several million years old.
b. Earth is several thousand years old.
c. all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years.
d. all rocks on Earth contain fossils.
_____ 3. In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty
generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation
would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on
a. inheritance of natural variations.
b. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
c. natural selection.
d. survival of the fittest.
_____ 4. The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that
a. in the human population, people die faster than babies are born.
b. without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the
growing human population.
c. in the 1700s, England needed more housing.
d. the majority of a species’ off spring die.
_____ 5. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
a. natural selection.
c. artificial variation.
b. artificial selection.
d. survival of the fittest.
_____ 6. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best
adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the
a. possession of adaptations developed through use.
b. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
c. lack of competition within the species.
d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.
_____ 7. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
a. diversity.
c. adaptation.
b. fitness.
d. evolution.
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_____ 8. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following
EXCEPT how
a. species can become extinct.
b. traits are passed from parent to off spring.
c. species descend from common ancestors.
d. evolution takes place in the natural world.
_____ 9. Biogeography is the study of
a. where species and their ancestors live.
b. how extinct species can be related to living species.
c. how different species can interbreed.
d. how animals that live in the same area are closely related.
_____ 10. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living
vertebrates. This is evidence in support of which of the following concepts?
a. tendency towards perfection c. analogous structures
b. common descent
d. acquired traits
_____ 11. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are
involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and
femur shown in Figure 16–1 are
a. examples of fossils.
b. vestigial structures.
c. acquired traits.
d. examples of natural variation.
_____ 12. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection
includes
Figure 16–1
a. the nearly universal genetic code.
b. the presence of vestigial structures.
c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.
d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.
_____ 13. Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are
responsible for the formation of
a. homologous structures.
c. Hox genes.
b. analogous structures.
d. intermediate fossil forms
_____ 14. What principle does the Grants’ investigation of finch adaptation in the Galápagos Islands
best support?
a. biogeography
c. uniformatarianism
b. evolutionary embryology
d. natural selection
_____ 15. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in
certain adaptations. One of the most significant was
a. size of eggs.
c. color of feathers.
b. shape of beaks.
d. location of nests.
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Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make
the statement true
_____ 16. After his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin wondered whether similar species from the
Galápagos Islands could once have been members of the same species.
_____ 17. The discovery of a dinosaur fossil with wings and feathers connects birds to their ancient
ancestors.
_____ 18. The wings of birds and the flippers of dolphins are vestigial structures.
_____ 19. In their studies of Galápagos finches, the Grants studied the molecular characteristics of
finches from different islands.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
20. The geologist
proposed that past changes in Earth must be explained in
terms of events and processes observable today.
21. Although his idea was incorrect, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first people to propose a
scientific explanation for
.
22. Geologists use
to determine a rock layer’s absolute age.
23. In studying Galápagos finches, the Grants found that
can take place frequently
and over relatively short periods of time.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
24. How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
25. What is the principle of common descent?
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Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
26. Infer Scientists have never seen the ancient
horses shown in Figure 16–2. What do you
think was the main type of evidence scientists
used to prepare these diagrams?
27. Interpret Visuals According to Figure 16–2,
how did overall body size of the horse change
during its evolution?
Figure 16–2
28. Observe In Figure 16–2, how does the size of the head change as the horse evolves?
29. Compare and Contrast According to Figure 16–2, how did the number of toes of Mesohippus
compare with that of Equus, the modern horse?
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