Download Chapter 1 Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F) Over the centuries between 1500

Chapter 1
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
1. Over the centuries between 1500 and 1900, Asia created the most powerful things
that the world had ever seen. (
)
2. The Middle-East had reached its Neolithic Age 2,000 years before Europe.(
)
3. It was the Romans of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. who formulated what the
Western world long meant by the beautiful. (
)
4. The Greeks were the first to write history as a subject distinct from myth and
legend. (
)
5. The Christian teaching spread at first among the rich. (
)
6. In A.D. 330, the Emperor Constantine founded a new capital renamed
Constantinople at the old Greek city of Athens. (
)
7. From roughly A.D. 500 on, Europe fell into what some later historians would call
the “Dark Ages”. (
)
8. The Emperor Constantine endowed the bishop with the government of the city as
for the pope’s temporal rule in Rome. (
)
9. After the peoples of western Europe were united under the empire of Charlemagne,
its capital still lied in the ancient world of the Mediterranean. (
)
10. The second wave of invaders into Europe was in the 10th century. (
)
11. The population of western Europe in 11th century began to grow denser about the
year 1000. (
)
12. Feudalism in essence was a means of carrying on some kind of government on a
local basis where no organized state existed. (
)
13. The notable feature of feudalism was its mutual or reciprocal character. (
14. There was money in circulation in feudalism. (
)
)
15. Italy, Germany and the Netherlands were commercially less advanced than the
Atlantic countries in the Middle Ages. (
)
16. By 1100, the people in towns did not possess individual rights, but only the rights
which followed from being a resident of a particular town. (
)
17. Monarchy became hereditary in the high Middle Ages in which the king inherited
his position like any other feudal lord or possessor of an estate. (
18. The churches in the 10th century were centralized. (
)
)
19. The royal demands for money and the claims to exercise legal jurisdiction were
regarded as innovations. (
)
20. In England the Parliament firstly developed to be two houses, known as the Lords
and the Commons. (
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. The first Indo-Europeans to emerge into the clear light of history, in what is now
Europe, were
.
2. The Iliad and the
written down about 800 B.C probably refer to
wars between the Greeks and other centers of civilization.
3. The Roman Empire consisted essentially of the coasts of
,
which provided the great artery of transport and communication.
4. The great codifier of Greek thought on almost all subjects in the classical period
was
.
5. The very intolerance of Christianity came from the sense of
, in
which it was thought that all people should have the one true and saving religion.
6. The Emperor
who in embracing Christianity undoubtedly hoped to
strengthen the imperial system.
7. With no emperor any longer in Rome, the
took over the government and
public affairs of the city.
8. The great schism of east and west divided the Christian world into the Roman
Catholic and the Greek
churches.
9. The period of
was a rapid progress in nonreligious or “secular”
matters.
10. England was conquered in
by the Duke of Normandy, William.
11. Feudalism applied in the strict sense only to the military or
12. The city of
.
was founded about 570 when refugees fled from
invaders and settled in its islands.
13. In the high Middle Ages, each town’s merchants and craftsmen formed
associations called
whose masters supervised the affairs of a specific trade
or craft.
14. Whether among individuals within the town, or as between town and country, or
between town and town, the spirit of the medieval economy was to
prevent
.
15. The twelfth and thirteenth centuries saw the founding of the first
.
16. The kings in Europe needed money to pay for their governmental machinery or to
carry on war with other kings, so they launched
as known in the
Roman Empire.
17. In England the Parliament developed in a distinctive way and there came to be
two houses, known as the Lords and
.
18. The height of the medieval papacy came with
whose pontificate
lasted from 1198 to 1216.
19. Europe in the eleventh century launched a military offensive against Islam in
which all Latin Christendom went on the
.
20. There developed a new threat of invasion from
to Europe.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
1. Which is not the features of modern countries in Europe?
A. Old customs loosen
B. Ancestral religions are questioned
C. demands for liberation
D. rapid movements
2. What is the order of the following periods during Europe’s development?
①modern times ②ancient times ③Middle Ages
A. ①②③ B. ②③① C. ②①③ D. ③②①
3. The siege of Troy is thought to have occured about
.
A. 1000 B.C. B.1100 B.C. C. 1200 B.C. D. 1300 B.C.
4. Which architecture represents the classcial virtue “order” of the Greek world?
A. Parthenon B. Olympic Site
C. Ephesus
D. The Acropolis of Athens
5. The dualism between Caesar and God was presented systematically by
about A.D. 420 in his City of God.
A. Jesus
B. St. Augustine C. Socrates D. Herodotus
6. Which is the reason for the European barbarian’s access to the Roman Empire?
A. desire to share in the advantages of Roman civilization
B. the disintegration of the Roman Empire
C. the coming of Christian
D. to conquer the whole world
7. The “circle of lands” after the disintegration of the Roman Empire divided into
segments.
A. One B. Two C. Three
D. Four
8. Among the Franks, in what is now northern France and the Germanic Rhineland,
there had arisen a line of capable rulers of whom the greatest was
.
A. Papacy B. Charlemagne C. Constantine D. Caesar
9. By the year
, or soon thereafter, the entity that we call Europe had come into
exsistence.
A. 1300 B. 1400 C. 1200 D.1000
10. After
1000,
better
ways
of
using
land
were
introduced
in
the
system, which spread to almost every region of Europe where cereal crops were the
staple.
A. One-field
B. Two-field
C. Three-field
D. Four-field
11. Among the early traders in the ninth and tenth centuries,
were often
important because they offered one of the few channels of communication among
different Mediterranean cultures.
A. Jews B. Romans C. Germans D. Britains
12. Everywhere in Latin Christendom, along about
, the new towns struggled
to free themselves from the enriching feudalism and to set themselves up as
self-governing little republics.
A. 800 B. 900 C. 1000 D. 1100
13. The most famous league that joined forces to repress banditry or privacy or to deal
with ambitious monarchs or predatory nobles was
A. Frankfurt
.
B. Hamburg C. Lubeck D. Hanse
14. Parliaments sprouted all over Europe in the
A. 11th
B. 12th
century.
C. 13th D. 14th
15. The parliaments were considered to represent
A. Nation B. People C. Estates of the realm
.
D. The individual citizen
16. When representatives of the towns began to be summoned to the king’s great
“talks,” along with lords and clergy,
may be said to have come into
being.
A. churches
B. government institutions
C. parliaments D. monarchies
17. Parliaments sprouted all over Europe in the
A. 12th
B. 13th C. 14th
18.
century.
D. 15th
church is virtually created in the eleventh century along with the
other institutions of the High Middle Ages.
A. The Roman Catholic B. Islamic
C. Christian
D. Judiaic
19. One of the first popes elected by cardinals was
, known also as
Hildebrand, a dynamic and strong-willed man who was pope from 1073 to 1085.
A. St. Augustine
B. Emperor Charlemagne C. Pope Innocent III D. Gregory VII
20. The most ambitious, best remembered, and least successful of expeditions of
Crusades were the ones to win back
A. the Mediterranean
.
B. Jewish Communites C. Palestine D. the Holy Land
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
1. What contributions did Greeks make to Europe civilization?
2. What is the importance of the coming of Christianity?
3. What are the three segments of the “circle of lands” after the disintegration of the
Roman Empire? Along with their respective feature, religion and language?
4. What is the revival of learning in the empire of Charlemagne?
5. How did the three centuries of the High Middle Ages lay foundations both for order
and for freedom?
6. How the jury developed in England?
7. What is your appraisal about the three centuries of the High Middle Ages?
8. What is the church reform in the 11th century?
9. How did the universities rise in the 12th and 13th century?
10. Why is European civilization in 1300 so influential to the world?
Chapter 2
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
9. In the transition from traditional to more modern forms of society, some old
civilizations had reexamined their religious base. (
)
10. Since the eleventh century, it seems more complicated for the kings, who had built
up their position against the church and the feudal lords, to handle their problems.
( )
11. Almost 15 million people have been died from the disasters of the fourteenth
century. ( )
12. From about 1450 until 1485 England was beset by upper-class turmoil that came
to be called the Wars of the Roses, because the opposing noble fractions adopted
red and white roses as their symbols. (
)
13. The Italian influence in other countries such as the languages and the national
remained very strong for at least 300 years. ( )
14. In 1378 the College of Cardinals, torn by the conflict of the normal person and the
irreligious people, elected two popes. ( )
15. The two papacies has become estranged by the Great Schism for forty years.( )
16. Never had the papacy been so internally magnificent as in the days of the
Captivity and the Schism.( )
17. There is an phenomenon that the wealthiest persons in Italian towns were often
bankers who made money from the kind of financial exchange happens in the
fifteenth-century.(
)
18. In 1449 , with the dissolution of the Council of Basel, the councilor movement
came to an end.( )
19. During the education in Italian Renaissance, Latin had been replaced by
Greek.( )
20. The New Monarchy whose first king ,Henry III, came to England with the
dynasty of the Tudors.(
)
21. The humanists generally regarded universities as centers of a pedantic, monkish,
and “scholastic” learning.( )
22. Between 1386 and 1500 no less than 14 universities were established in
Germany.( )
23. It was Italians of the Renaissance who first taught more polite habits.( )
24. The courtier was ancestor to the “gentleman”; “courtesy” was originally the kind
of behavior suited to princely courts.(
)
25. The Italian Humanism does had impact persisted in all regions of European
civilization down to the present.( )
18. War, civil war, class war, feudal rebellion, and plain banditry afflicted a good deal
of Europe in the middle of the fifteenth century.
19. In France the New Monarchy was represented by Louis XII, of the Valois line, and
his successors.( )
20. The humanist Coluccio Salutati became chancellor of Florence in 1375.( )
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
14. ____Christendom was the first of the world’s major religious cultures to become
“secularized”.
15. In____the Hundred Year’s War began between England and France, which all
took place in France. Some parts, like Aquitaine, having long belonged to the
English crown.
16. In ____ the College of Cardinals, torn by French and anti-French factions within it,
elected two popes. And both were equally legitimate chosen by cardinals, one
lived at ____Rome, one at ____Avignon, and neither would resign.
17. During the ____century, and quiet abruptly, almost half the population of
Europe was wiped out. While the great killer was the plague or Black Death.
18. About____, Wyclif was saying that the true church could do without elaborate
possessions, and even that an organized church might not be necessary of
salvation.
19. The literary movement in Renaissance Italy is called____ because of the rising
interest in humane letters, litterae humaniores.
20. The Florentine exile, Francesco Petrarca, or ___ , has been called the first man of
letters.
21. It was the first time that a European vernacular—that is,_____ as opposed to Latin,
became thus standardized amid the variety of its dialects and adapted in structure
and vocabulary to the more complex requirements of a written language.
22. There are some famous popes of Renaissance like ____or ____,they are also
accomplished scholars and connoisseurs of books.
23. The towns of ____, so long as trade converged in the Mediterranean, were the
biggest and most bustling of all the towns that rose in Europe in the Middle Ages.
24. In Leonardo da Vinci’s ________ and his disciples are seen as a group of men
each with his own characteristics.
25. Historians like to distinguish between the “pagan” humanism of Italy and the
Christian ____of the north.
26. The most important northern humanists were writers like
____in England and
Erasmus in Holland.
27. In 1519 and 1520 ____ rallied public opinion in a series of tracts, setting forth his
main beliefs.
28. Henry died in ____ and was succeed by his 10-year-old son, Edward VI, the child
of his third wife, Jane Seymour.
29. In ____ Albert declared for Luther and converted East Prussia into a secular duchy,
of which he and his descendants became hereditary dukes.
30. In ____ the peasants of a large part of Germany revolted.
31. The man who successfully defined the older church authorities was ____.
32. In 1516 King Francis I reached an agreement with Pope _______in the Concordat
of Bologna, which rescinded the Pragmatic Sanction.
33. In _____Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, which declared the English
king to be the “Protector and Only Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of
England”.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
9. Both Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France, in the 1290s, assessed
taxes on the landed estates belonging to the great abbeys, ____and other
components of the Church.
A. the merchants
B. the aristocrats
C. rich people D. bishoprics
10. The basic institutions of Europe, the distinctive languages and national cultures ,
the frameworks of collective action in law,______, and economic production——
all originated in the Middle Ages.
A. education
B. government
C. culture
D. communication
11. About ___the kings of both England and France undertook to tax the clergy of
their respective kingdoms, in both of which the clergy were substantial owners of
land. Which is correct?
A. 1301
B. 1300
C. 1308
D. 1307
12. In the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, in ____, the Gallican (or French) church
affirmed the supremacy of councils over the popes, declared its administrative
independence from the Holy See. Which are correct?
A. 1435
B. 1438
C. 1439
D. 1437
13. Lutheranism, it must be pointed out, was adopted by the kings of Denmark and
Sweden as early as the _______.
A. 1520s B. 1510s
C. 1500s
D.1530s
B. The humanists discovered a new range of interests, a new sensibility, discussion
and _____, a world presented without the overarching framework of religious belief.
A. certain questions
questions
B. important questions C. decisive questions D. civic
4. While Italian humanism thus contributed much to literature and scholarship,
to_______, and to the formation of modern national languages, it also had tangible
and lasting effects in education.
A. classical learning
B. art learning
C. Traditional thinking method
D.
Traditional knowledge
B. The student learned Latin in order to read ancient writings—epics, ______,orations,
letters, histories ,dialogues ,and philosophical treaties.
A. Grammar
B. Words
C. Lyrics
D. Prose
2. The medieval universities were essentially places for professional training in
theology, ______and law.
A. Math
B. Literature C. Language
D. Medicine
B. The Italian humanists, like their predecessors, wrote a good deal in ______.
A. German
B. Latin
C. French
D. Arabic
11. In ______, Charles was elected Holy Roman Emperor and so became the
symbolic head of all Germany.
A. 1519
B. 1511
C.1520
D. 1517
12. Germany in the fourteenth century produced a series of ______
A. Changes B. Adventures C. Determinations
D. Mystics
13. Neither in Englang, nor in Germany, nor in international Calvinism were the
religious issues regarded as settled in ______
A. 1560
B. 1561
C. 1563
D. 1565
14. Calvinism won followers not only in cities but also in agrarian countries shuch as
Scotland, ______and Hungary.
A. Finland
B. French
C. Poland D. Germany
15. The Renaissance was succeeded by a line of reforming popes, of whom the
______ was Paul III.
A. third
B. second C. first
D. Fourth
21. For two hundred years the Jesuits were the most famous schoolmasters of
Catholic Europe, eventually conducting some ______ schools for boys and the upper
and middle classes.
A. 300
B. 700
C. 500
D. 100
B. Under ______the English became Protestant, gradually and in their own way.
A. Elizabeth
B. Charles
C. Henry VIII
D. Elizabeth II
B. John Knox in the ______brought Calvinism to Scotland, where Presbyterianism
became and remained the established religion.
A. 1520s
B. 1550s
C. 1510s
D. 1540s
19. In 1374, Gerard Groote founded a religious______, which was followed by
establishments for religiously minded men.
A. Institute
B. Group
C. Sisterhood
D. Union
B. The writings of Chritine de Pisan, for example, helped to spread _____themes in
France during the early fifteenth century and also demonstrated that women could
participated in the debates of European intellectual life.
A. Humanist
B. His own
C. Fundamental
D. Historical
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
1. What’s the influence to England of the Hundred Year’s War?
2. How to response to the crisis of the Great Schism?
3. What’s the life like in the Italian independent city-states?
4. What’s the influence of the Italian Renaissance?
5. What are the disasters that the Europe has been suffered by the thirteenth century?
6. What’s the influence of the Black Death to the Europe?
7. What’s the education like during the Renaissance?
8. How did the Renaissance marriages influence the education of that time?
9. What’s the mutual influence between the Italian Renaissance and its politics?
10. How did the Italian Renaissance break down?
Chapter 3
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
1. This period of economic renewal and wars of religion was the era in which the
modern global economic system began to develop. (
)
2. Commercial undertakings were favored by rising prices and growing population.
(
)
3. Commercial Revolution was an exceptionally slow and protracted one. And it
began at least as early as the fourteenth century and lasted until machines industry
began to overshadow commerce in the early nineteenth century. (
)
4. Until 15th century, England was an importer of raw wool and an exporter of
finishedwoolens from Flanders. (
)
5. Governments helped to create a national market and an industrious nationwide
labor supply for their great merchants. Without such government supports, the
great merchants could never have risen and prospered, such as the drapers and
clothiers. (
)
6. In 1496, Henry VII of England negociated a commercial treaty with Flanders.
(
)
7. East India Companies in France was not founded until 1600. (
)
8. In the sixteenth century, agricultural prices rose the most among all prices. (
)
9. The Wars of Religion in France were not religious and political, but essentially a
new form of the old phenomenon of feudal rebellion against a higher central
authority, despite the religious savagery shown by partisans. (
)
10. In the mid-sixteenth century, neither a Dutch nor a Belgian nationality yet existed.
(
)
11. The Swedish and the Swedish-French, as two phases of the Thirty Years’ War in
Germany, were respectively from 1625 to 1629, and from 1635 to 1648. (
)
12. In the 16th century, the mass of peasantry sank into serfdom, which was hastened
in many regions by the violence and insecurity engendered by riligious wars.
(
)
13. The Revolt of the Netherlands began in 1566. (
)
14. Social classes were formed by economic forces and by education, not by the
action of governments. (
)
15. Nor was France much attached to a papal or international Catholicism. (
)
16. In 1560s and 1570s, the French nobility was attracted to Protestantism, so most
French Protestants were nobles. (
)
17. Civil wars in the sixteenth-century France, were not wars in which one region of
a country takes up arms against another, but wars of the kind fought in the
absence of government. (
)
18. Civil wars in France did not end with the accession of Henry IV. (
)
19. Controled by Philip II, Spain entered upon the Golden Age of its early modern
culture. In this period, Cervantes wrote his Don Quixote. (
)
20. Although the Netherlands revolution was a national revolution with political
independence at first, it became a part of international politico-religious struggle.
(
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. France, England, the Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire fell into internal
and international struggles in which ____ was often the most burning issue.
2. Although Asians had long made vogages to distant places and engaged in trade
across the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, it was ____ who discovered much of
the world in the sense indicated here.
3. In ____, the printing press was brought to Mexico.
4. By the middle of the sixteenth century, Spanish America consisted of two great
viceroyalties: ____.
5. When Harvard College was founded in 1636, there were ____ universities on the
European model in Spanish America.
6. The economic changes in Europe in early modern period was called ____.
7. Commercial Revolution signified the rise of ____ and transition from a
town-centered to a nation-centered economic system.
8. In 15th and 16th centuries, mining, printing and book trade were ____ from start,
requiring a large initial outlay before any income could be received.
9. In 1601, the famous ____ was designed to force workers to work and to relieve
absolute destitution.
10. Rulers were lack of money and needed more money as it fell in value. Kings
needed gold and silver flowing into their kingdoms. It was one first impulse
leading to ____.
11. Under mercantilism, governments fought to steal ____ from each other while
prohibiting or discouraging the ____ of their own skilled workers, who might
take their trade secrets to foreign countries.
12. While all prices rose in the 16th century, peasants found their situations worse
and worse. Therefore, in England, a class of ____ developed between the landed
gentry and the rural poor.
13. In 16th century, the families of merchants, bankers, and shipowners, and
traditional learned professions belonged to ____.
14. Amsterdam became the ____ and ____ center of northern Europe after Wars of
Catholic Spain.
15. The Bohemian, as one of four phases of the Thirty Years’ War in Germany, was
from ____ to ____.
16. Merchants and their respective governments came together to found ____ for
transocean trade.
17. In the 16th century, the rise of prices and ____ gave lord the incentive to increase
his output.
18. In France, Cardinal Richelieu gradually received the control of affairs. It was
____, not the church,whose interests he worked to further.
19. The Peace of ____ had provided that in each state the government could prescribe
the religion of its subjects.
20. Under the control of Philip II, Netherlands was torn by ____, revolution and civil
war.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
1. Wars of Religion ended with ____ in 1648.
A. the Peace of Augsburg
B. the Peace of Westphalia
C. the Peace of Netherlands
D. the Peace of Peru
2. The University of Mexico and the University of Lima were established in ____.
A. 1553 and 1551
B. 1551 and 1553
C. 1553 and 1557
D. 1558 and 1551
3. In 1545, prodigiously rich silver deposits were founded in ____.
A. Bolivia
B. Netherlands
C. Augsburg
D. Westphalia
4. In the great economic readjustment taking place in Europe, which one is not the
important factor?
A. The opening of ocean trade routes
B. The growth of population
C. The steady rise in prices
D. The discovery of New Land
5. ____, ____, and ____ combined to make possible the militant, anti-Protestant
phase of the Counter Reformation. Which one is not included?
A. Peruvian ores
B. Spanish management
C. Idian labor
D. Portuguese trade
6. Most popular and most amiably remembered of all French kings, except for
medieval St. Louis, ____ was the first of the Bourbon danasty, which was to last
until the French Revolution.
A. Louis XIII
B. Louis XIII
C. Henry IV
D. Henry V
7. The Thirty Years’ War of Germany began in ____.
A. France
B. Denmark
C. England
D. Bohemia
8. In 16th century, Bourgeoisie referred to ____.
A. The middle class
B. Aristocracy
C. The working class
D. The upper class
9. In the Wars of Religion, ____ was torn apart by almost 40 years of civil war
between 1562 and 1598, while ____ entered a long period of civil troubles that
culminated in the Thirty Years’ War between 1618 and 1648.
A. France; Germany
B. Germany; France
C. Netherland; Germany
D. France; Netherland
10. The Thirty Years’ War in Germany had four phases. Thereinto, the second and the
third phases were ____.
A. the Bohemian and the Swedish
B. the Danish and the Swedish-French
C. the Danish and the Swedish
D. the Swedish and the Swedish-French
11. East India Companies in the UK and Netherlands were founded in ____.
A. 1600 and 1602
B. 1602 and 1600
C. 1602 and 1604
D. 1600 and 1604
12. ____ ont only possessed the Spanish kingdoms, but also in 1580 inherited
Portugual.
A. Henry II
B. Philip II
C. Henry IV
D. Philip IV
13. The Golden Age of early modern culture of Spain, referred to the period from
____.
A. 1550 to 1600
B. 1600 to 1650
C. 1550 to 1650
D. 1560 to 1620
14. During the Golden Age of early modern culture of Spain, ____ wrote about 200
dramas.
A. El Greco
C. Velázquez
B. Murillo
D. Lope de Vega
15. In 15th and 16th centuries, ____, ____ and ____ required a large initial outlay
before any income could be received. Which one is not included?
A. Mining
B. Printing
C. Wool
D. Book trade
16. In France, after the death of Henry IV, ____ gradually received the control of
affairs.
A. Cardinal Richelieu
B. his wife, Marie de’ Medici
C. his son, Louis XIII
D. Henry V
17. After the new land discovered by Columbus, The government was more willing
to accept this new land, because ____.
A. it was regarded as a new field for crusading and conversion.
B. it was regarded as a source of gold and silver for royal exchequer.
C. it was regarded as a new field for much more people living.
D. it was regarded as a new place for more discoveries and explorations.
18. In ____, the Peace of Augsburg had provided that in each state the government
could prescribe the religion of its subjects.
A. 1555
B. 1565
C. 1602
D. 1648
19. In 1496, Henry VII of England negociated a commercial treaty with Flanders.
And in the next century the kings of ____ signed treaties with the Ottoman
Empire by which ____ merchants obtained privileges in the Middle East.
A. France; French
B. England; English
C. Netherlands; Dutch
D. Sweden; Swedish
20. Which one does not describe the Thirty Years’ War in Germany?
A. It was exceedingly complex.
B. It was a civil war fought over the Catholic-Protestant issue.
C. It was an international war between France and the Habsburgs, and between
Spain and the Dutch.
D. It represented a general checkmate to the Counter Reformation in Germany.
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
1. In terms of the New Land, different people at that moment had different opinions.
So what were their different attitudes or opinions?
2. What was price revolution and what caused price revolution in details?
3. Until the introduction of factories in the late 18th century, rural household
industry remained typical of production in cloth and hardware. It signified a new
divergence between capital and labor. So how could the new divergence be
embodied?
4. How could interest gradually become an accepted feature of capitalism?
5. Merchants and their respective governments came together to found official
companies for transocean trade. What led to the establishments of these official
companies? And what kind of special rights did they have?
6. Social classes were formed not only by economic forces and by education, but
also by the action of governments. So how could governments make contributions
to forming social classes?
7. Please briefly introduce the background and basic principles of the Peace of
Westphalia.
8. What were the significances of the peace of Westphalia?
9. What was the nature of the Thirty Years’ War in Germany?
10. Please briefly introduce the beginning and the nature of the Revolt of the
Netherlands.
Chapter 4
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
14. From 17th century to 19th century, Western Europe was called by anthropologist
as cultural diffusion for their economic and culture influence on Europe and the
whole world.( )
15. Louis XIV developed his ambition to conquer Europe as the Spanish crown
weakened.( )
16. Balance power was a system where countries sticked together to suppress some
country and kept peace in Europe. ( )
17. Both Britain and the Dutch Republic played the key role in combating against
Louis XIV. ( )
18. Dutch made great achievement in the seventeenth century in literature, science
and art. ( )
19. In Dutch government, the head of Orange was elected as stadholder by the other
provinces and he ruled over the other provinces. (
)
20. Dutch founded the Band of Amsterdam in 1608. ( )
21. Dutch was threatened by France and England on the land and sea in the 17th
century. ( )
22. Large number of protestants settled in New England and other went to West India
Islands. ( )
23. William Shakespeare and John Milton helped shape the modern English language
and English literature. (
)
24. James I ‘s principal of governance was summarized by the public as the divine
right of kings.(
)
25. The Long Parliament supported the king in suppressing the rebels in Scots. ( )
26. Cromwell held toleration policy for all religions during the Commonwealth. ( )
27. Under the new legislation, the English aristocracy, dominating the parliament by
paying a share of the expense of the government by taxes and the landowners ran
the regional affairs, forming the regime of the landlord-justices called
“squirearchy”. ( )
28. Religion was still the problem that troubled England after the restoration. (
)
29. France did not only dominate in Europe, but also its culture was viewed by most
Europeans as the forefront of seventeenth-century civilization. ( )
30. The parlements in France was similar to the one in England. ( )
31. Louis XIV advocated Bishop Bossuet’s Christian teaching that king was God’s
representatives in political affairs of earth and the king had absolute and arbitrary
power. ( )
32. Though frustrated by the first two attacks, France gave up his ambitions toward
universal monarchy but still gained territories by taking the rich province of
Franche-Comete. ( )
33. In general, France only lost its power after wars and laid serious domestic
contradictions in its society. ( )
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
10. The fading out of the the Italian Renaissance, the subsiding of the religious war,
the ruin of the Holy Roman Empire,and the decline of spain all cleared the stage
on which ____, ____,____were to be the principal actors.
3. Louis XIV was called by his fascinated admirer ______.
C. _____ had no children and the Spanish branch of ______ would die out with his
death.
D. The technique used against universal monarchy was _____.
E. In the later phase of the war with Spain, notably during ______, Dutch were able
to rely more on their wealth and diplomacy than on actual fighting.
F. The most eternally fresh of the Dutch creation in the 17th, suffering from no
barrier of time or language, were ______.
G. The Dutch remained for over two centuries the sole link of the west with Asian
country ______.
H. The gold florin minted by _____ became an international sought money, an
international measure of value for its unchanging weight and purity in 17th .
I. John Milton published his influential epic poems _____ and _____ later after the
bitter conflicts of the English Civil War.
J. The great industry in the 17th in England was _____ and ______.
K. The violent struggles that ultimately produced England’s new political order
emerged from the conflicting ambitions of _____ and the most powerful social
groups in _____.
8. Cromwell put _____ to death as he concluded him as an un-loyal and ungodly
person.
9. Not only the monarchy, but also_____ and _____was restored after the
revolution.
10. _____ was retorted by parliament in 1673 which required all officeholders to
take communion in the church of England.
11. Those who were most suspicious of the king Charles II, Catholics and the French
got the nickname_____, and the king’s supporters were popularly called _____.
12. What Louis XIV had always been trying to achieve and also being the prevailing
concepts of government on much of the European continent in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries was _____.
13. _____ was built by Louis XIV for his political and living activities and it was a
monument to worldly splendor.
14. _____ , Louis XIV’s great minister, created in France_____, one of the largest
free-trade areas in Europe.
11. Though France won in _____ broke out in 1688, things still remained as what had
been when the war began.
20. ______ was the greatest winner and became a great power after the wars.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
1. Which one of the following European countries would not be defined as part of
the Western European countries that influenced the whole world from 17th century
to 19th century ?______
A. Switzerland
2.
B. Germany
C. England
D. Ireland
Louis XIV was nicknamed as _____.
A. The Sun of France
B. The Great man of Europe
C. The Sun King
D. The talented
15. The Habsburg supremacy had been blocked mainly by a balance of power headed
by ____
A. England
B. Italy
C. Germany
D. France
4. Dutch achieved great success in the the following fields in the 17th except_____.
A. Science
B. Painting
C. Music
D. Philosophy
5. Dutch Republic adopted Toleration Policy for religions except______to co-exist
in Dutch then.
A. Calvinism
B. Orthodox
C. Christian
D. Catholics
34. _____, known as William the orange, was the stadholder in dutch and became
the
life-long enemy against the sun king.
A. William I
B. William II
C. William III
D. William IV
B. Which of the following work is not William Shakespeare’s four tragedy?_____.
A. Hamlet
B. Macbeth
C. Romeo and Julia
D. King lear
26. Who attempted to rule without the Parliament and raised open war with
Parliament?_____.
A. James I
B. Elizabeth I
C. Charles II
D. Charles I
9 .Which of the followings was not part of the achievements made by Cromwell?____
A Attack on dutch maritime supremacy
B. Gain the support of English majority
C. Acquired Jamaica through the war with spain D. Subjugated Ireland’s riots
6. Both the Tories and the Whigs run against the king and started the revolution in
______.
A. 1687
B. 1688
C. 1689
D. 1670
11. Several acts , except_______, were passed by the parliament to enforce their
power and religion belief of the country and also to keep peace with other religion
believes.
A. Bills of rights
B. The Test Act
C. The Toleration Act
D. Act of Settlement
14. The penal code in Ireland was part of the strategy to________except
A. Protect Ireland from the French invasion
C. Favor English manufactures
B.Weaken Ireland
D. Suppress the Catholic force in Ireland.
22. Which one of the followings does not belong to the Sun King’s appreciation?___
A. Order
B. Harmony
C. Hierarchy
D. Modern
5. ______ was not a writer in Louis XIV’s time.
A. Nicholas poussin
B. Corneille
C. Racine
D. Moliere
16. Louis XIV sought religious unity and therefore he revoke the edict of Nantes in
_____, making hundreds of thousands of protestants left France.
A. 1683
B. 1684
C. 1685
D 1686
16. Which one did not exist as a political body in France when Louis XIV was in
charge?______
A. Estates General
B. Provincial General
C. Supreme court
D. Parlement
3. The War of the League of Augsburg broke out in _____.
A. 1678
B. 1688
C. 1698
D. 1708.
13. The Great Alliance against France were the following countries except______.
A. England
B. Holland
C. Bavaria
D. Austrian Emperor
B. The Peace of Utrecht was signed in ____
A. 1712
B. 1713
C. 1714
D. 1715
20 _______ became the two principal carriers and exporters of the European
civilization.
A. Holland and Britain
B. Holland and France
C. Spain and France
D. France and Britain.
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
B. What was the idea and the purpose of the balance of power in politics in Western
Europe in the 17th and 18th ?
2. Give a brief introduction of the William the Orange.
C. Retell the influence of William Shakespeare and John Milton on English language
and literature.
4. Comment on Oliver Cromwell from his positon and his contribution to Britain.
5.
Introduce the Glorious Revolution in England and comment on the Revolution.
C. Describe the accomplishments of Louis XIV
D. Retell what is Colbert’s commercial code.
E. What’s the meaning of the war of the Spanish?
F. Which were the motions of the warring states?
G. Introduce the European System after the Treaty of Utrecht .
Chapter 5
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
21. Three old-fashioned political organizations-the Holy Roman Empire, the
Republic of Poland, and empire of the Ottoman Turks were alike in the system of
administration and government. (
)
22. Three new and stronger powers-Prussia, Austria, and Russia came to adjoin one
another and cover all Eastern Europe. (
)
23. It had been ruined by the Reformation, which left the Germans divided almost
evenly between Protestant and Catholic. (
)
24. Prussia was not the first to exploit the opportunity with spectacular consequences.
(
)
25. The final Swedish campaign for imperial expansion took place during the
meteoric reign of Charles XII. (
)
26. Ancient Russia had been colonized by Vikings. (t
)
27. Both Russia and Prussia had a native commercial class of any political
importance. (f
)
28. The Russian church supported such educational or charitable institutions as did
the Catholic and Protestant churches of Europe. (
)
29. The arts and letters, flourishing in Western Europe as never before, were at a low
ebb in Germany in the seventeenth century. (
)
30. The Ottoman state, the third of the three empires which together spread over so
much of Europe, was larger than either of the others. (
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
21. In the period of mid-seventeenth century, Russia expanded territorially, adopted
some of the____ and ___ apparatus of Western Europe and became an active
participant in European affaire.
22. The ____ ____and widening of the market created a strong merchant class in
western Europe and tended to turn working people into a legally free and mobile
labor force. .
23. In the three empires of the Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of Poland, and
empire of the Ottoman Turks, _____ _____had become weak, consisting largely
of understandings between a nominal head and outlying dignitaries or potentates.
24. To build absolutist monarchies, rulers in Germany after the Peace of Westphalia
aspired to extend dominions and cut a greater figure in the world by the way of
______and _____than by devouring their smaller neighbors outright.
25. Prussia became famous for its ____, which may be said to exist when military
needs and military values permeate all other spheres of life.
26. Frederick William I was the first Prussian king to appear always in_____.
27. Moving out from the region around Moscow, the Russians entered into closer
relations with Europe, undergoing especially in the time of Tsar Peter the
Great(1682-1725) a rapid process of _____.
28. In the Russia of 1700, as in the Japan of 1870, the main purpose of the
westernization was to obtain _______, technical, and military knowledge from
the west.
29. In the 1650s the Russian patriarch undertook certain church reforms, those who
rejected the reforms came to be called _____ _____.
30. Nor can it be said that the main social development of the seventeenth century in
Russia, the sinking of the peasantry into an abyss of helpless _____, was
exclusively a Russian phenomenon.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
21. ___was a Muslim power.
A. The Holy Roman
B. The Republic of Poland
C. Turkey
D. the UK
22. There was no stock exchange in German until one was established at Vienna
in___.
A. 1771
B. 1772
C. 1773
D. 1774
23. The Pragmatic Sanction was first issued in 1713 by the king of ___.
A. Charles II
B. Charles VI
C. Charles X
D. Charles XII
24. In 1714, ___ inherited the throne of Great Britain with King George.
A. the Guelph family
B. the Wittelsbach family
C. the House of Austria
D. the House of Brandenburg
25. Known later as the Great Elector, ___was the first of the men who shaped modern
Prussia.
a) Peter the Great
B. Michael Romanov
C. Prince Eugene of Savoy
D. Frederick William
6. The Russia in which Peter the Great became tsar in ____.
A. 1613
B. 1671
C.1682
D.1697
7. The Polish State was made up of two main parts, the Kingdom of Poland proper in
the west and the Grand Duchy of ___.
A. Vienna
B. Lithuania
C. Sweden
D. Turks
8. The official and political language was ____.
A. Latin
B. English
C. French
D. German
9. The Mongol invasions and conquest about 1240 had kept Russia under Asian
domination for about 250 years, until 1480 when a grand duke of Muscovy, ____was
able to throw off the Mongol overlordship and cease payment of tribute.
A. Charles VI
B. Ivan III
C. Frederick II
D. George I
10. The Turkish forces were long as well equipped as the Christian, being especially
strong in heavy artillery. But by the ____century they were falling behind.
A. early seventeenth
B. mid-seventeenth
C. early eighteenth
D. mid-eighteenth
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
11. What is the meaning of the Germanic Liberties?
12. Why small states could act as great power in the seventeenth century?
13. In what ways the new Russian empire resembled the new kingdom of Prussia?
14. What is the distinctive feature of serfdom in Russia?
15. What measures did Peter the Great take to raise government revenues?
Chapter 6
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
31. The two centuries from about 1450 to about 1650 were the period when fear of
witches was at its height. (
)
32. Bacon’s greatest weakness was his failure to understand the role of mathematics.
(
)
33. It was in Galileo’s time that the pursuit of natural knowledge became
institutionalized. (
)
34. Longitude, or east-west distances could not be measured in the eighteenth century.
(
)
35. Newcomen’s engine was the first application of steam to an economic purpose.
(
)
36. Two Treatises of Government were not published until shortly after the
parliamentary revolution of 1688-1689. (
)
37. The growing influence of Locker’s political theories has contributed directly to
the emergence of new racist ideas in the eighteenth century. (
38. England was as modern as other countries in Europe in 1688. (
)
)
39. Leonard da Vinci was known almost exclusively as an artist, he also had some
scientific ideas. It was not even known until the discovery his private notebooks
in the twentieth century. (
)
40. Descartes developed the idea that true knowledge was useful knowledge in his
Discourse on Method. (
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
31. The scientific method of ______had been defined when Newton died.
32. The Dutch Leeuwenhoek was the first to see blood corpuscles by the use of
the______.
33. Ever since the Greek Ptolemy had codified ancient astronomy in the second
century A.D., educated Europeans had held a conception of the cosmos which we
called ______.
34. In The New Atlantis (1627) Bacon portrayed a scientific _____whose inhabitants
enjoyed a perfect society through their knowledge and command of nature.
35. In______, Galileo built a telescope.
36. _______held that all beliefs are relative, varying with time and place.
37. The new sense of ______was probably the main force in putting an end to the
delusions of witchcraft.
38. ________ ______is a sign of growing unity in world civilization.
39. In 1678a French priest, Richard Simon applied to the Old Testament the methods
of _______ _______which others were applying to secular documents.
40. The idea of _______ ______and the faith in human reason went side by side, and
both were fundamental in the thought of the time.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
26. It was ____ who discovered that the orbits of the planet were ellipses.
A. Ptolemy
B. Copernicus
C. Kepler
D. Galileo
27. Not long after ____ Newcomen’s engine was widely employed to pump water
from the coal pits.
A.1681
B.1700
C.1701
D.1702
28. ____became the two great pillars of empirical philosophy, insisting on experience
and observation as the source of truth.
A.
C.
Locke
and
Spinoza
B.
Locke and Bacon
Locke
and
Hobbes
D. Locke and Descartes
29. Locke made the resistance in England, namely, the Revolution of 1688 against
____, into a modern and forward-looking move.
A. Charles II
B. James II
C. Louis XIII
D. Louis XIV
30. In ____, Bacon developed the same ideas and insisted that true knowledge was
useful knowledge.
A. Novum Organum
B. The Advancement of Learning
C. The New Atlantis
D. Instauratio Magna
6. The first modern scientific synthesis, or coherent theory of the physical universe,
had been presented by ___.
A. Galileo
B. Newton
C. Copernicus
D. Kepler
7. The last known execution for witchcraft took place in 1722 in ___.
A. Germany
B. England
C. America
D. Scotland
8. ___set forth the doctrine of the continual circulation of the blood through arteries
and viens in his On the Movement of the Heart and Blood.
A. William Harvey
B. Vesalius
C. Galen
D. Malpighi
9. ___ was not belong to the seventeenth century?
A. Logarithms
B. Coordinate geometry
C. Calculus
D. Computer
10. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was published by Newton in ___
A. 1543
B. 1591
C.1627
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
16. Why has the Seventeenth century been called the century of genius?
17. What are the differences between science and political theory?
18. What was Locke’s view of human nature?
19. What was the influence of Witchcraft panic?
20. What is the influence of European expansion on other parts of the world?
D. 1687
Chapter 7
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
41. It is the use of steam engines that brought about the conditions of modern
industrialism. (
)
42. It was the British and Dutch who won out in the commercial rivalry of the
eighteenth century. (
)
43. In Great Britain the Parliament was very different from the French parliaments,
and the British aristocracy was more politically competent than the noblesse of
France. (
)
44. In general the government, and the Anglican bishops who were close to the
government, remained “Tory”. (
)
45. The war of the Austrian Succession was started by Frederick II, or the
“Great” .(
)
46. The elite culture was transmitted largely by word of mouth within favored
families and social circles. (
)
47. Rich families in both Protestant and Catholic countries might have their own
private chaplains and build chapels of their own. (
)
48. The eighteenth century was the golden age, economically speaking, of the West
Indies.(
)
49. When war came in 1756, British interests in India were advanced chiefly by
Robert Clive.(
)
50. When the Seven Years’ War broke out in 1748, the belligerents had all changed
partners.(
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
41. In the eighteenth century, the increase of wealth was mainly brought about by the
methods of ____and ____.
42. The transatlantic slave trade in the eighteenth century was conducted mainly by
____, principally in England but also in New England.
43. The European trade with Asia was subject to ____.
44. Both empires, French and British, were held together by ____ framed mainly in
the interest of the home countries.
45. ____, first established in sugar and later in cotton, brought Africa into the
foreground.
46. ____was somewhat rejuvenated by the French influence under its new Bourbon
house.
47. A close tie between government finance and ____ was usual at the time, under
mercantilist ideas of government guidance of trade.
48. Parliament passed ____ , forbidding all companies except those specifically
chartered by the government to raise capital by the sale of stock.
49. The debt was considered ____ ,for which the British people themselves assumed
the responsibility.
50. ____proved to be one of the most capable rulers ever produced by the house of
Habsburg.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
31. In the age of oceanic communications ____ became a center from which America,
Asia, and Africa could all be reached.
A. British
B. French
C. Western Europe
D. Europe
32. The War of the Austrian Succession was started by ____.
A. Frederick II
B. James III
C. John Law
D. Thomas Pitt
33. A third of the capital of the Bank of England in the mid-eighteenth century
belonged to ____ share holders.
A. British
B. French
C. Germany
D. Dutch
34. British parliament passed ____, forbidding all companies except those
specifically chartered by the government to raise capital by the sale of stock.
A. The Social Contract B. The “Bubble Act” C. Mercantilist regulations
D. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle
35. It was ____ that led to international rivalry and war.
A. global economy
B. internal trade
C. foreign trade
D.
colonial trade
36. The contest for ____ played an important part in the colonial and commercial
wars between Britain and France all through the eighteenth century..
A. trade
B. markets
C. consumers
D. colonies
37. The Americas, including ____, bulked larger than Asia in the eighteenth century
trade of western Europe.
A. Jamaica
B. Barbados
C. Haiti
D. West Indies
38. Britain and France arranged their differences by a return to the prewar ____.
A. status quo
B. power
C. agreement
D. principle
39. On the American mainland, ____ had more territory and the British had more
people.
A. the Dutch
B. the Spain
C. the French
D. the Germany
40. For America and India, the peace of ____ was decisive in pushing the peoples of
these two vast territories toward closer connections with the political and
commercial institutions of the British empire..
A. 1778
B. 1763
C. 1765
D. 1773
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
21. What is the significance of American Revolution?
22. What is the contribution of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
23. What are the characteristics of the global economy in the eighteenth century?
24. How is the relationship between slavery and British capitalism?
25. How is the relationship between slavery and British capitalism?
Chapter 8
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
51. The spirit of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment was drawn from the scientific
and intellectual revolution of the seventeenth century. (
)
52. Both totalitarians and democrats have regarded Montesquieu as one of their
prophets. (
)
53. In France, somewhat apart from the philosophes, were the Physiocrats. (
)
54. Adam Smith’s purpose was to increase the national wealth by the reduction of
barriers that hindered its growth. (
)
55. In matters of politics and self-government Voltaire was both a liberal and a
democrat. (
)
56. France was the main center of the Enlightenment.(
)
57. It was in France that enlightened despotism had the largest success. (
)
58. For Maria Theresa the European war of the 1740s proved the extraordinary
flimsiness of her empire and the Austrian monarchy.(
)
59. In the Age of Enlightenment the role of Russia was active.(
)
60. In Britain, Parliament was as supreme as the monarchs in most Continental
countries.(
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
51. More in the mainstream was ____, which took form in England and soon spread
to the Continent.
52. Enlightenment despotism was secular, rational and ____.
53. For innovation and enterprise, Adam Smith counted more on private persons than
on the sate. He became the philosopher of the ____, the prophet of ____.
54. In____, published in 1748, Montesquieu developed two principal ideas. One was
that forms of government varied according to climate and circumstances, the
other was the separation and balance of powers.
55. Most of the practical difficulties of the French monarchy could be traced to its
methods of ____.
56. In the ____ the judges had no property rights in their seats but became salaried
officials appointed by the crown with assurances of secure tenure.
57. In a war with Turkey in 1772, Catherine the Great developed her ____ .
58. The Polish kings were chosen in elections that became an object of regular ____.
59. The first great assault on the older social order and political system in
eighteenth-century Europe, however, came from the ____ who destroyed the
kingdom of Poland.
60. The revolutionary movement announced itself everywhere as a demand for ____.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
41. Rousseau applied the ideas of ____ in more concrete form and became the first
systematic theorist of a conscious and calculated nationalism.
A. The Social Contract
B. Arts and Sciences
C. The Spirit of Laws D. Wealth
42. In the Age of Enlightenment a great many were freelancers, grub-streeters, or
journalists. They wrote for the ____.
A. newspaper
B. publick
C. booksellers
D. Freemasonary
43. The style of the eighteenth century became admirably ____ , fluent, and exact.
A. social
B. frothy
C. ponderous
D. clear
44. The theory of ____ was to protect people from harmful ideas as they were
protected from shoddy merchandise or dishonest weights and measures.
A. the Social Contract
B. censorship
C. parlement
D. liberty and equity
45. The French-dominated cosmopolitan culture of the European upper classes spread
to the upper classes of ____.
A. Prussia
B. Britain
C. Russia
D. Spain
46. Even before the ____enlightened despotism had run its course.
A. reform movement
B. Democratic
C. Middle Age
D.
French Revolution
47. The reform movement began in ____ before the American Revolution, with
which it was closely associated.
A. England
B. Russia
C. Poland
D. French
48. The Boston Tea Party happened in ____.
A. 1778
B. 1775
C. 1774
D. 1773
49. Adam Smith’s ____ was published in England in the year 1776..
A. The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Wealth of Nations
B. History of Astronomy
C. The
D. Essays on Philosophical Subjects
50. Which country replaced England as the model country of advanced thinkers
____.
A. The United States
B. French
C. Spain
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
26. What is the significance of American Revolution?
27. What is the contribution of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
28. What is the influence of Enlightenment thinkers?
29. What are the debates over the partitions of Poland?
30. What are the meanings of Enlightened despotism?
D. Germany
Chapter 9
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
1. The biggest contribution of Napoleon is formulating the Civil Code, and
establishing the legislation model. ( )
2. During the Bourgeois revolution era, Bill of Rights can mostly embody the
requirements of early Bourgeois Revolution. ( )
3. The failure of Napoleon shows that Napoleon wars are unjust and predatory wars.
()
4. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen mainly reflects the
anti-feudalism of the bourgeois. ( )
5. The immediate cause of the Jacobins implementing dictatorship is Robespierre’s
own will. ( )
6. The constitution of 1791 in France, demonstrates the establishment of the First
French Empire. ( )
7. The Thermidor reaction brought the French Revolution to a climax. ( )
8. The tortuosity and repeatability of British and French bourgeois revolution shows
that the masses didn’t take part in the revolution actively. ( )
9. Louis XVI called the Estates General because the government was in serious
fiscal crisis. ( )
10. The main reason of the Thermidor Reaction is that Robespierre club has been
isolated. ( )
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. In 1789, French bourgeoisie issued _____________________, which reflected the
thought of struggling against autocratic monarchy and feudal hierarchy.
2. The most famous event that began the French revolution was ________on 14 July,
1789.
3. Before the Revolution, France was divided into three Estates, they are ________、
__________and other people.
4. In May 1789, __________was called by the King in order to deal with the fiscal
crisis of the country.
5. The organization of adopting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
is_______________.
6. In____, the First French Empire was established.
7. The end mark of the French Revolution climax phase is the _____________in
1794.
8. In September, 1792, ___________abolishes the monarchy and declares France a
republic.
9. When Robespierre became dictator, his rule became known as_______________.
10. In September, 1791, ____________finished a constitution and gave power to the
new Legislative Assembly.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
1. ______marked the start of bourgeois revolution in France.
A. Scotland Uprising
B. Boston Tea Party
C. Estates-General
D. The storming of the Bastille
2. What’s the model that the French Revolution offers to the establishment of civil
code in other countries? ______
A. Bill of Rights
B. The Declaration of the rights of men and citizens
C. The Constitution of 1787
D. The Napoleonic Codes
3. During 1804-1814, there were huge changes in Europe, what’s the main reason of
the changes? ______
A. The British Bourgeois Revolution
B. The French Revolution
C. The American Revolution
D. The Napoleonic Wars
4. What’s the root cause of the French Bourgeois Revolution? ______
A. The decadent feudal system hindered the development of the French capitalism
B. The king didn’t satisfy the interests of the third Estate
C. Before the revolution, there was a strict hierarchy
D. Before the revolution, there existed active enlightenment thoughts
5. What’s the main reason of the destruction of the Napoleon Empire? ______
A. The great power of French feudal forces.
B. The external wars harm the interest of people in many countries.
C. Military dictatorship didn’t get the support of the capitalist.
D. The number of Napoleon army was little, and the weapons were outdated.
6. ______ pushed the French Revolution to a new high.
A. Napoleon
B. Voltaire
C. Robespierre
D. Cromwell
7. ______ is French National Day.
A. 4th, July
B. 14th, July
C. 20th, September
D. 22nd, September
8. During the French Revolution, ______was sentenced to death at the guillotine.
A. Charlie I
B. Louis XVI
C. James II
D. Louis XVIII
9. In 19th century, what’s the meaning of Napoleon wars? ______
A. Expanding the territory of France.
B. Destroying the feudal forces of Europe.
C. Pushing the French Revolution to a new high.
D. Establishing the bourgeois rule of European countries.
10. ______ was the main force during the French Revolution?
A. The bourgeoisie
B. The masses
C. The Third Estate
D. The Jacobins
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
1. What is the background of the French Bourgeois Revolution?
2. What day is the national day of French? Why?
3. Why people say that French Revolution was the largest and most complete
revolution?
4. How to appraise Napoleon?
5. What is the core content of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
What is the influence of this Declaration and what do you think of it?
Chapter 10
Ⅰ. True or False. (T/F)
1. During the Napoleonic period, the European governments had fought merely to
protect themselves against the aggressive French. (
)
2. When the First Coalition was totally dissipated, only British still remained
engaged with the French. (
)
3. In Peace Interim from 1802 to 1803, Bonaparte reorganized the Helvetic Republic
into an “Italian” Republic with himself as president. (
)
4. The battle of Trafalgar established the supremacy of the British navy for over a
century. (
)
5. In many ways the high point of Napoleon’s success included the treaty of Tilsit of
July 1807. (
)
6. Napoleon called his system “liberal”, and though the word to him meant almost
the reverse of what it meant later to liberals, he was possibly the first to use it in a
political sense. (
)
7. The French influence (outside Belgium and the Rhineland) struck deepest in north
Italy and had the least appeal in south Germany. (
)
8. The chief of the British blockade was not to keep imports out of enemy countries,
but to keep the trade in such imports out of enemy hands. (
)
9. The result of the Anglo-American War of 1812 was to demonstrate the distressing
inefficiency of military institution in the new republic. (
)
10. Nationalism developed as a movement of resistance against the forcible
internationalism of the Napoleonic Empire. (
)
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. The years of _____________ and ____________ were for Germany the years of
great cultural efflorescence, the years of Beethoven, Goethe, and Schiller, of
Herder, Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Schleiermacher, and many others。
2. In1803，Napoleon’s army was defeated in Haiti and France sold ___________ to
the United States.
3. Napoleon returned to power for __________ in 1815 and final defeated at the
battle of Waterloo.
4. In 1811 in Europe, Russia and Turkey were at war on the Danube, but otherwise
there was no war except in __________, where four years of fighting remained
inconclusive.
5. The British foreign minister, Viscount Castlereagh, arrived on the Continent for
consultations in January 1814. On March 9, 1814, he succeeded in getting Russia,
__________, Austria and Great Britain to sign the treaty of Chaumont.
6. Of all the colonial empires founded by Europeans in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, only the __________ now remained as a growing and dynamic system.
7. The historic Dutch Republic, which was extinct since 1795, was revived as the
kingdom of the ___________, with the house of Orange as a hereditary monarchy.
8. The Peace of Vienna, including generally the Treaty of Vienna itself, the treaties
of Paris, and the British and colonial settlement, was the most far-reaching
diplomatic agreement between the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Peace of
Paris, which closed __________________in 1919.
9. When the Bourbons dynasty was restored, Louis XⅧ issued a _____________,
partly at the insistence of the liberal tsar and partly because, having actually
learned from his long exile, he sought the support of influential people in France.
10. Napoleon escaped from ______, landed in France on March 1, 1815, and again
proclaimed the empire.
Ⅲ. Multiple choices.
1. Whose accession of the Russia Tsar completed the Third Coalition?____
A. Alexander Ⅰ
B. Alexander Ⅱ
C. AlexanderⅢ
2. What reorganized the political order in Europe? ____
A. Peninsular War
B. Congress of Vienna
C. The restoration of Bourbon Monarchy
D. Treaty of Tilsit
D. Alexander Ⅳ
3. In the economic warfare, which is not hoped by Napoleon to happen？____
A. a fall of the currency
B. lowing prices
C. runs on the banks
D. unemployment
4. ____ was proclaimed during the French Revolutionary.
A. The Code of Hammurabi
B. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
C. The Bill of Rights
D. Constitution of the United States of American
5. When did Russia formally withdraw from the Continental System? ____
A. On December 31, 1810
B. On December 31, 1809
C. On December 30, 1810
D. On December 30, 1809
6. Territorially Napoleon’s influence enjoyed its farthest reach in 1810 and 1811.
____ is not included in the entire European mainland.
A. Prussia
B. Sweden
C. Balkan peninsula
D. Denmark
7. Which one had not been forced into alliance with Napoleon? ____
A. Russia
B. Prussia
C. Austria
D. Portugal
8. During the period of bourgeois revolution, there are many famous leaders in the
UK and France. ____ is not included in the following four.
A. Cromwell
B. Washington
C. Napoleon
D. Rob Spear
9. Which one is not the background situation of the French bourgeois revolution?
____
A. The appearance of enlightenment
B. The financial crisis
C. The development of Capitalism
D. The constitutional convention adopted the Declaration of Human Rights
10. What’s the significance of Napoleonic wars in the early nineteenth century? ____
A. The expansion of the French territory
B. The attack to the feudal forces in Europe
C. The pushing of the climax of the French revolution
D. The establishment of the European bourgeois rule
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly (50-100 words).
1. Why did the First Coalition disintegrate?
2. Why did Napoleon turn to economic warfares?
3. What are the consequences of the Continental System?
4. How did Stein change the structure of Prussia?
5. Why did Napoleon retreat from Moscow?