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Name ___________________________________ Date __________________ Period _______ Chapter 6, Religion, Study Guide 1) With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment ___________________________________ may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment. 2) In Tibet its __________________________________ is in exile and the present _________________________ discourages observance. 3) Religion is a particularly good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because ______________________ represents core cultural values and beliefs that may ______________________ with others. 4) A large and fundamental division within a religion is a ______________________________. 5) An ethnic religion is appealing mostly to ___________________________________ of people in _____________________ place. 6) A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a ____________. 7) A universalizing religion is or appeals to __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. 8) The world's largest universalizing religion is _______________________________________. 9) The world's largest ethnic religion is _____________________________________________. 10) What are the branches of Christianity? ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to _____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12) What characteristic(s) distinguish(es) religion in Latin America from North America?______ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13) Baptists are clustered in the ________________________________________ United States. 14) Lutherans are clustered in the ______________________________________ United States. 15) Roman Catholics are clustered in the _________________________________ United States. 16) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of __________________________________________________________________________. 17) Which of the following is not a universalizing religion? ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 18) Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of a Christian __________________________________. 19) Lutheranism is an example of a Christian _______________________________________. 20) What region of the world will we find Muslims clustered? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 21) The dominant branch of Islam is _______________________________________________. 22) The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is _________________________________________. 23) What is the holiest book in Hinduism? ___________________________________________. 24) What are the similarities and differences between the Mahayanists and the Theravadists? ______________________________________________________________________________ 25) Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other religions simultaneously? ______________________________________________________________________________ 26) What do Animists believe? ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 27) Which Asian religions are ethnic and which are not ethnic? __________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 28) What concepts are especially important in Confucianism? ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 29) What concepts are especially important in Daoism? _________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 30) A. What is polytheism? B. Animism? Cosmogony? Monotheism? Pagan? Atheist? ________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 31) Followers of which religious branch(es) do not trace their origin to Abraham? ____________ 32) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, primarily because ___ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 33) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through ___________________________diffusion. 34) Adherents of which religion controlled much of present-day Spain until 1492, but not since then? _________________________________________________________________________ 35) Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it? ________________________________________________________________ 36) Unlike other universalizing religions, ____________________________ remained concentrated in one region of the world. 37) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions? ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 38) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been A) highly clustered in present-day Israel or B) dispersed around the world? (Circle the correct answer) 39) The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city ________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 40) Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are called _____________________________. 41) Which ethnic religion follows a lunar calendar? ___________________________________. 42) The people of Quebec are distinguished from residents of neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States because they _________________________________________________ 43) What are the characteristics of a hierarchical religion?_______________________________ 44) A mosque differs from a church, because a mosque _________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 45) Worship in Hinduism is most likely to take place __________________________________. 46) Cremation is more important than burial in which religion? ___________________________ 47) Describe the dispersal pattern of Protestants in Ireland? ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 49) Explain Hinduism's caste system: _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 50) The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under _____________ _________________________________________________________________ administration. 51) What are the causes of the situation in Northern Ireland? ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 52) Palestinians include which groups? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 53) Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since what event in what year? ___________________ 54) Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years? _______________________________________________________________________________ 55) Why does Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 56) What are the three most important religions in Lebanon? _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 57) What penalties were imposed by the Taliban in Afghanistan? _________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 58) The barrier between Israel and the West Bank has been ruled as _______________________ by both Israeli and international courts. 59) What policy did the British follow in India? _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 60) From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the communist government, what was the policy of the government towards religion? ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 61) True or False. Individual ethnic religions generally have more concentrated geographic distributions than universalizing religions. 62) True or False. Christianity has the most widespread geographic distribution of any religion. 63) True or False. Lutherans in the United States are concentrated in the southeast. 64) True or False. Catholics in the United States are concentrated in the northeast and southwest. 65) True or False. Buddhism is the most important religion in India. 66) True or False. Pilgrimages play a significant role in ethnic religions but not in universalizing religions. 67) True or False. The largest concentration of Eastern Orthodox Christians is in Eastern Europe. 68) True or False. The Ganges is the most holy river for Muslims. 69) True or False. Jerusalem is a holy city to all three major universalizing religions. 70) True or False. Islam is a less hierarchical religion than Christianity. 71) True or False. Like churches, mosques are consecrated as holy places. 72) True or False. Natural landscape features are the holiest places in Islam. 73) True or False. The most troublesome religious boundary in Western Europe is in Ireland. 74) True or False. The majority of people in Lebanon are Jewish. 75) True or False. After the 1917 Revolution, the communists closed all churches in the Soviet Union. 76) True or False. What is the world's largest ethnic religion? In what country do 99 percent of the adherents of this religion live? 77) Most Europeans adhere to which of the three major universalizing religions? ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 78) Name the two main branches of Islam. ___________________________________________ 79) Name the four religions dominant in East Asia. ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 80) How is religious adherence different in East Asia than in the United States? _____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 80) Which branch of Islam is the largest in Iran and Lebanon? ___________________________ 81) Describe the main difference in the most important holidays between a universalizing and an ethnic religion. _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 82) What major universalizing religion originated in present-day India? ____________________ Match the religion to the U.S. state in which it is most likely to be found. A) Alabama B) Montana C) Arizona D) Minnesota E) Utah 83) Baptist ____________________________________________________________________ 84) Roman Catholic _____________________________________________________________ 85) Lutheran___________________________________________________________________ 86) Mormon ___________________________________________________________________ 87) A. Most people in the Republic of Ireland are adherents of which branch of Christianity? ______________________________________________________________________________ B. A slight majority of people in Northern Ireland are adherents of which branch of Christianity? ______________________________________________________________________________ 88) Wars were fought in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 in the land once known as Palestine. A. What country won all four of these wars? _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B. What three countries fought against this country in all four wars? _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ C. Which one of these three countries signed a peace treaty with the first country named? ________ _________________________________________________________________________________