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Biology I Chapter 16 Study Guide
1. What is evolution?
2. Describe the three patterns of biological diversity Darwin observed on his travels on the
HMS Beagle.
3. How did Lamarck propose species change over time? Give a real life example of how
this could be proven false.
4. What was the explanation Darwin gave for the different beaks of the finches he saw on
the Galapagos Islands?
5. Describe the three principles Darwin proposed for the mechanism of natural selection and
how it relates to evolution.
6. Describe adaptations. Give an example.
7. What does it mean to have an “advantageous trait”?
8. Natural selection acts directly on:
a. Genes
b. Phenotypes
c. Alleles
9. What evidence do scientists have that supports the theory of evolution?
10.According to scientists, what relationship is shown by similarities in gene structure
(DNA)?
11.What provides the most direct evidence that evolution has occurred?
12.Define and give an example of a vestigial structure.
13.Define and give an example of a homologous structure.
14.What do vestigial and homologous structures suggest?
15.What evidence would suggest that all vertebrates have a common ancestor?
16.What examples of natural selection can we see at work today in the bacteria that cause
TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)?
17.According to Darwin, the _____________________ determines what traits are
advantageous, and therefore the rate at which organisms survive and reproduce.
18.You have just discovered 2 species of birds on a group of islands that has never been seen
before. Each species is on a separate island, and are identical except for the shape of
their beaks. How would you explain their similarities and differences?
19.If a population of hummingbirds has long beaks (rather than short beaks), explain how
the environment affected the evolution of those birds.