Download 12-Conceiving children

Conceiving Children
Contraceptive risk taking
increases with
 Drug and alcohol use
 Low self esteem
 Fear of alienating partner by asking for
cooperation with birth control
Indications of pregnancy
(common during first trimester)
 Breast tenderness
 Nausea and vomiting
 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
in blood test
 Fatigue
Miscarriages
 Majority in first trimester
 10% to 20% of pregnancies end in
miscarriage
 Early miscarriages may appear as
heavier than usual menstrual flow
Stages of labor
First stage of labor
 First stage
• “Bloody show”
• Uterine contractions
• Ruptured amniotic sac (Water breaks)
Second stage
 Birth of child
Third stage
 Placenta
Cesarean section
 Performed when
• Fetal distress during labor
• Feet or bottom presents first
First trimester abortions
 Have little effect on subsequent fertility
or pregnancy
Infertility
 50% of infertility = male factors
• Due to
 Smoking
 Alcohol abuse
 Environmental toxins
 50% of infertility = female factors
Other reasons for infertility
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STD’s (M&F)
Blocked tubes (M&F)
Low sperm count
Low sperm motility
Lack of ovulation
Infertility-Fertility drugs
Infertility treatments
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Artificial insemination
In vitro Fertilization
GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian transfer)
ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer)
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
Artificial insemination
 Semen introduced into woman’s
vagina,cervix, or uterus
In Vitro fertilization
 Fertilizing egg in dish
 Placed into uterus
GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian
transfer)
 Sperm and ova placed directly into
fallopian tube
ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian
transfer)
 Egg fertilized in dish
 Placed into fallopian tube
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm
injection)
 http://www.inciid.org/icsi.html
 Single sperm injection
Abortion rates
Abortion
 RU486
Birth defects
(Chorionic Villus Sampling)
Sexual activity during
pregnancy
 Sexual activity and orgasm may
continue as desired until labor begins
 Sexual interest progressively declines
over the nine months
Amniocentesis
 Fluid around the fetus is removed to
check for birth defects