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Ancient Rome and Han
Age of Empires
Rome’s Geography and Resources
Timeline of Roman Expansion
1000 BCE,
first
inhabitants
of Rome
By 290
BCE, the
rest of Italy
was
conquered
753-507
BCE, 7 kings
rule Rome
264-202
BCE,
Carthage
conquered
507 BCE, Kings
eliminated and
replaced with
Senatorial
class—Republic
formed
59-51 BCE
Julius
Caesar
defeats
Celts of
Gaul
200-30 BCE,
Rome defeats
Greek
kingdoms and
takes over all
of
Mediterranean
79 CE. Empire
stretches over
Western
Europe and
British Isles
305 C.E., Rome
covers Western
Europe, N.
Africa,
Mediterranean,
and Arabian
peninsula
http://resourcesforhistory.com/map.htm
Roman Republic Politics
RELIGION AND WOMEN
•Women had relatively more freedom than
Greek women
•Low legal status, however
•Ancient Romans worshipped a large
number of gods such as Jupiter and Mars
Roman Expansion During
the Republic
Failure of the Republic: Rise of
the Principate
The Pax Romana
PAX ROMANA (“Roman Peace”)
http://mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/EU/EU01-01.html
PAX ROMANA = Time of stability and
prosperity during the first 2 centuries CE.
The Roman Empire was not merely a political and military
organization but also an intricate economic network through
which goods from Armenia and Syria were traded for
Western products from as far away as Spain and Britain.
Economic Changes
Agriculture
Wine, olives
Exporting
 Wine, olive oil, mosaics,
CULTURE!
Coins (currency)
Commercial Relationships

Roman Technology and
Engineering
 Aqueducts


Water conduit, used gravity
Public water/sewage
 Roads

Commerce!
 Arches
 Coliseum
Christianity
 Romans
went from
polytheistic to
monotheistic Christians
 Constantine: role in
turning empire Christian
 Jesus: Persecuted by
Romans

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/tool
s/civilisations/index.shtml
Qin Dynasty
221-206 BCE
•Qin (“Chin”) Dynasty marked beginning of imperial China
•Unified China after Warring States Period
•Young, ruthless, ambitious leader = Shi Huangdi
•Strong centralized state under his leadership
•Extensive bureaucracy = standardized law, coinage,
writing
•Capital city, Xiongnu, was secured by fortified walls
•Terra cotta soldiers
Terracotta Warriors
Downfall of the Qin
Legalism
Taxation
Thought
Control
Rise of the Han
 Humble
beginnings
 Reaction to Qin
 Consolidation
of Power
Han Dynasty
206 BCE—220 CE
The Han Empire
•Asserted sovereignty over vast portions of Central Asia
•Used silk to leverage trade connections and accrue
wealth
•Spread Chinese material culture
HAN SOCIETY
“The Tax Collector”


Government officials had a lot of wealth and wielded
power
Lower class peasants were at the whim the upper class
government officials
Contributions of the Han
 Confucianism
 Technological
innovations—
crossbow, cavalry, watermill, horse
collar
 Transportation and communication
 Growth of urban areas
 Long-distance trade
Fall of the Han
The Dynastic Cycle