Download VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE - mvhs

VESTIGIAL
STRUCTURE
Distinguish between
ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURES and
HOMOLOGOUS
STRUCTURES
SEXUAL SELECTION
CHI-SQUARED
ANALYSIS
HETEROZYGOTE
ADVANTAGE
BIOGEOGRAPHY
ALLELIC FREQUENCY
and
GENOTYPE
FREQUENCY
Distinguish between
PHYLETIC
GRADUALISM and
PUNCTUATED
EQUILIBRIUM
NATURAL SELECTION
GENETIC DRIFT
RELATIVE FITNESS
Distinguish between
STABILIZING,
DISRUPTIVE, and
DIRECTIONAL
SELECTION
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
CONVERGENT
EVOLUTION
HARDY-WEINBERG
EQUILIBRIUM
Vestigial Structure – A structure that
no longer seems to have any function
in an organism (but resembles a
functional organ from another
organism). Examples include:
______________________,
______________________
Heterozygote Advantage –
Heterozygotes have greater
reproductive success and hence
fitness than _____________. This
tends to preserve ____________ in
gene pools.
Ex: Sickle cell anemia
Sexual Selection – Natural selection
that acts specifically based on
________ to influence mating success
and thus fitness.
Different genders can be selected for
based on sexual di___________.
Competition Can occur _____sexually
or ______sexually.
Biogeography – Study of the
distributions of organisms (past and
present). Used to demonstrate
_____________________________
_____________________________
Ex: evolution of marsupials and other
similar animals on different continents.
Chi-Squared Analysis – Statistical
test to indicate with a specific %
_______________ if observed data is
not different from _____________
data.
A calculated value is compared to a
critical value drawn from a chart under
the appropriate degree of __________
(number of comparisons - 1).
Analogous Structures - Structures that
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - No
change in the proportion of genotypes
from one generation to the next. It
assumes:
-______________
-______________
-______________
-______________
-______________
Phyletic Gradualism- Term to describe
theory that evolution of species is a
_________ change.
Punctuated Equilibrium - Evolutionary
change that occurs more rapidly, followed
by times of ______________.
Allelic Frequency - Frequency of a specific
_______ in a population.
p is the allelic frequency of A.
q is the allelic frequency of a.
___ + ___ = 1
Genotype Frequency - Frequency of a
specific _________ in a population.
___ + ___ + ___ = 1
Relative Fitness - The potential for
Genetic Drift- A change in ____
frequency that is caused by a random
event in which a small group is
separated from the larger group.
Could be caused by the following
effects:
-_________________
-_________________
Natural Selection - Mechanism of evolution
by which different organisms have different
reproductive success rates.
5 parts:
1- Population growth has the ability to be
______________.
2- Populations tend to be ____________ in
size.
3- Resources are ___________________.
4- Individuals vary phenotypically.
5- Much phenotypic variation is
_______________.
Stabilizing Selection - Selection
________ the extreme phenotypes.
Disruptive Selection - Selection that
________ the two extreme
phenotypes.
Directional Selection - Selection that
________ one of the two extreme
phenotypes.
Convergent Evolution - Independent
evolution of common traits due to
common _________________.
individuals of a given genotype to
survive and reproduce in the face
of natural selection. If an
organism has a _______ fitness
than another organism - it is more
likely to survive and reproduce.
Adaptive Radiation – emergence of a
wide range of __________ evolved
from a common ancestor, when the
environment presents many new
opportunities and selective forces.
have __________functions, but have
__________structures. They arose
independently of each other through
evolution. Similar environmental
challenges resulted in these structures that
suit the same function.
Homologous Structures- Two
structures that have the _______
evolutionary origin and are _______ in
structure - but may have different functions.
p2 is the genotype frequency of AA.
2pq is the genotype frequency of Aa.
q2 is the genotype frequency of aa.