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Injections
Hana Svobodová
Types of containers
• Medications for injection are supplied in
several types of container :
• Vials
• Ampules
• Cartridges
Utilising comfort measures
! Skill in administering injections minimizes pain !
Prior to injecting the medication :
• select the smallest gauge needle possible for the
medication and injection site.
• inspect needle for sharpness
• tap the area lightly with fingertips
• rotate sites
• During injection :
• insert the needle quickly without hesitation
• inject the medication slowly (time for absorption)
• After injection :
• withdraw the needle quickly
• massage the injection site to encourage
absorption of the medication into the
tissues – massage firmly but gently
• NOTE : contraindication is for intradermal
injection, insulin, heparin
Intradermal injection
• = injection between layers of skin
• needle length – 0,6 – 1,3 cm
• syringe size – usually 1 ml (tuberkulin),
common dosage is 0,01 – 0,1 ml
• needle insertion angle – 5-15 degree
• usualy i.c. (i.d.) are for DIAGNOSTIC purposes
• the substance injected into the skin causes a
local reaction :
• Wheal
• Blanched or reddened area
• Itches (if the test reaction is positive)
The most common sites:
• aspect of the forearm or upper back
• Hold the syringe almost PARALLEL to the surface
• Do NOT massage the site after injecting the solution.
• Observe the reaction – the first 30 minutes after
(for possibilitiy of serious allergic reaction or
anaphylactic shock).
• Time for reaction varies from 15 min. to 24 hours.
• (MANTOUX – tuberculosis test)
SUB CUTANEOUS INJECTION
Environment
Preparation
- Patient
- Medication
Administration
Injection Sites
Administering subcutaneous
injections
• s.c. is placed just under the deep skin layer
• - the medication is absorbed more slowly the
inj. i.m. or i.v. (during 20 – 30 minutes)
• needle length - 1,3 – 2,5 cm
• syringe size – usually less than 2 ml,
common dosage is 0,5 – 2,0 ml
• needle insertion angle - 45 or 90 degree
Injection sites
• the upper arm (m. biceps brachii)
• the thigh (m. quadriceps femoralis,esp.for a
self-administered inj.)
• the abdomen
• Dorsogluteal area
• For daily medication (diabetics) – the inj. site
is rotated on a regular schedule.
Way of application :
• - grasp the injection site between thumb and
forefinger to form a pad of subcutaneous
tissue
Complications
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Aplication to vessel
aplication to musculus
Hypertrofy of subcutaneous tissue
lipodystrofy
atrofy of skin
Infection of the puncture place
• administering s.c.
injectionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
hEtyrR0GhQg