Download February 9, Psych Cont`d

PSYCHOTHERAPY
• USE LANGUAGE (TALK) TO HEAL
SUFFERING
• FOCUS ON BIOGRAPHY
• INVOLVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN PATIENT AND THERAPIST
PSYCHOTHERAPY
• COME TO UNDERSTAND UNDERLYING
CAUSES
• MAKE UNCONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS
• OVERCOME RESISTANCE OF PATIENT
THERAPY (CONT.)
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SUSPENSION OF NORMS
FREE ASSOCIATION
DREAM ANALYSIS
TRANSFERENCE
THERAPY (CONT.)
• VERY LONG AND INTENSIVE
• CATHARSIS
• PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THERAPIST
VERY IMPORTANT
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• A respectful and interested way of listening, a
readily felt trustworthiness, a compassionate and
sympathetic response to those who suffer, a
capacity for arousing and sustaining hope, and a
calm response to disturbing or frightening clinical
states.
STRENGTHS OF PSYCHODYNAMIC
• DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECT
• PEOPLE ARE OFTEN IRRATIONAL
• IMPACT ON CHILD REARING AND
SEXUALITY
• IMPACT ON ART AND LITERATURE
WEAKNESSES
• UNSCIENTIFIC - UNOBSERVABLE AND
UNFALSIFIABLE
• OVEREMPHASIZES EARLY CHILDHOOD,
UNDEREMPHASIZES ADAPTABILITY
• RESISTANCE TO MEDICATIONS
• HISTORICALLY AND CULTURALLY
SPECIFIC
WEAKNESSES OF THERAPY
• HOW EVALUATE SUCCESS?
• NO NEED BEFORE 1970’S
• FUNDERS WANT EVIDENCE – PLACEBO
EFFECT? CONTROL GROUP? IMPROVE
ANYWAY? BETTER THAN OTHERS?
• LITTLE EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS OF ANY
PARTICULAR TECHNIQUE
WEAKNESSES
• IMPRACTICAL – LONG AND EXPENSIVE
• CULTURALLY-SPECIFIC
• DOESN’T WORK WITH MOST SERIOUSLY
ILL
DECLINE OF DYNAMIC THEORY –
1970’S TO PRESENT
• CONFLICT WITH SCIENTIFIC AND
MEDICAL NORMS
• CONFLICT WITH INSURANCE NEEDS TO
MEASURE DISEASES AND CURES
• RISE OF MANAGED CARE
• CONFLICT WITH RISE OF DRUGS
• COULDN’T TREAT SERIOUSLY ILL
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGICAL
THEORY
• NO SINGLE THEORY BUT ECLECTIC
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
• EMPHASIS ON THOUGHTS
• EMPHASIS ON CURRENT PERCEPTIONS
• CHANGE WAYS PERSONS THINKS ABOUT
SELF AND WORLD
• SPECIFIC, DIRECTIVE, AND SHORT
THERAPIES
• CAN BE STANDARDIZED
COGNITIVE
• MOST USED IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
• EFFECTIVE, AT LEAST IN SHORT RUN
• CHEAPER AND MORE EFFICIENT THAN
DYNAMIC
• LESS DEPENDENT ON PERSONAL
QUALITIES OF THERAPIST
• WEAKNESS IS WHEN THOUGHTS ARE
ACCURATE
FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY
• VIEW SYMPTOMS IN RELATIONSHIP TO
FAMILY SYSTEM
• SYMPTOMS TO MAINTAIN FAMILY
EQUILIBRIUM
• MUST CHANGE FAMILY DYNAMICS, NOT
JUST INDIVIDUAL PATIENT
• TREAT FAMILY, NOT INDIVIDUAL
HUMANISTIC
• FOCUS ON TOTAL EXPERIENCES OF
INDIVIDUAL - BROAD HUMAN PROBLEMS
• MEANING, DEATH, FULFILLMENT
• OVERLY GENERAL AND DIFFUSE
• NOT REIMBURSED – NO SPECIFIC ILLNESS
• NOT WIDELY USED
SUMMARY
• MANY DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
• MOST FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY
• CHANGE EFFORTS FOCUS ON CHANGING
PERSONALITY
• PERSONAL QUALITIES OF THERAPIST MOST
IMPORTANT
• NOW LARGELY REPLACED BY BIOLOGICAL