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Civil Rights
th
13
Amendment
1865:
abolished
slavery as a
legal institution.
th
14
Was
Amendment
designed to
grant citizenship
and protect civil
liberties of recently
freed slaves.
th
15
1870
Amendment
– Protects rights of
citizens to vote
regardless of race, color,
or previous condition of
slavery.
Racism


deeply rooted
prejudice which
may be
expressed in
the idea that
one race is
superior to
another.
Governor George Wallace
attempting to
block integration at the
University of
Alabama, 1963.
Jim Crow

Jim Crow was not a
person, yet affected
the lives of millions of
people. Named after
a popular 19thcentury minstrel song
that stereotyped
African Americans,
"Jim Crow" came to
personify the system
of governmentsanctioned racial
oppression and
segregation in the
United States
Literacy Tests
 Southern
(and some western) states
had elaborate voter registration
procedures whose primary purpose
was to deny the vote to those who
were not white. In the South, this
process was often called the
"literacy test." In fact, it was much
more than a simple test, it was an
entire complex system devoted to
denying Blacks the right to vote.
Segregation

The separation of
the races by law in
all aspects of society
- schools, housing,
restaurants, club,
buses and trains,
theaters, and all
kinds of public and
private
facilities.
Types of Segregation
Facto
De Jure
Segregation:
Segregation:
Segregation that
Segregation
exists by
practice and
by law
customs
 De
Separate but Equal

the legal principle, first set forth in
the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy
v. Ferguson, that separate facilities
and accommodations for Black people
were constitutional so long as these
resources were equal in quality to
those provided for the white
community.
Separate but Equal?


White
Schools
Black
Schools
Prejudice

a negative attitude or
opinion about a
person or group
based upon that
person or group's
race, color, religion,
national origin,
ethnicity, accent,
gender, disability, or
other external
characteristic.
Ku Klux Klan
 The
Ku
Klux Klan
(KKK) was
originally
formed to
terrorize
and scare
Blacks
Lynching
 murder
by
mob violence,
without due
process of
law.
NAACP


Thurgood Marshall worked
with NAACP to help overturn
older court rulings on
segregation. Most notably
Brown vs. Board of Education
National Association for
the
Advancement of Colored
People
(NAACP) is a civil rights
organization. It
works to end discrimination
against
blacks and other minority
groups.
Brown vs. Topeka, KS Board of
Education

Landmark Supreme Court Case that
effectively denied the legal basis for
segregation in schools
All Deliberate Speed

Words used by the
U.S. Supreme
Court in 1955 in its
ruling on how
communities were
to implement the
Court’s Brown v.
Topeka Board of
Education decision
of the previous
year
Integration

removing all
barriers and
placing all
groups
of people
together
•Also known as
desegregation
EXECUTIVE ORDER

rule or order
issued by an
executive
branch of a
government
(ex. the
president of the
United States)
and carrying
the force of law
Little Rock 9


Nine African American
Students who were
suppose to be allowed
to attend an all white
school in Little Rock.
They faced huge
racism and had to be
escorted by the
National Guard when
parents, students,
teachers and mayor
refused to allow them
to attend.
EMMITT TILL

•14 yr. old
Emmett Till was
murdered for
saying “Bye
baby” to a white
woman in
Mississippi
Matthew Shepard



In 1998 tied to a
fence and beaten
into a comma.
Matt would die 8
days later from his
injuries
For being GAY!
Civil Rights Leaders

Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr.




First famous for
Montgomery Bus
Boycott that lasted
381 days
Admired Gandhi
Won Nobel Peace
Prize
“March on
Washington”
Martin Luther King’s Ideology



Expose the racism,
prejudice, discrimination
and brutality that existed
in the Southern United
States.
Use non-violent means to
highlight the violence,
and ensure support.
Use civil disobedience to
promote the change he
wanted.
Civil Disobedience
 the
practice of
avoiding
violence as a
means to
resolve
conflict or end
injustice
Boycotts


Boycott is a
refusal to
deal with an
individual,
organization, or
business.
1955
Sit-ins

An act of
occupying
seats in a
racially
segregated
establishment
in organized
protest
against
discrimination
FREE RIDERS / SCLC / SNCL

Southern Christian
Leadership Council
(non-violent
crusades)
Student Non-violent
Coordinating
Committee
Often leaders to
boycotts and sit-ins

Malcolm X





Formerly Malcolm
Little
Changed his name
in Prison
Memorized the
English Dictionary
Learned Islam and
became Muslim
Voice of the Muslim
Brotherhood
Malcolm’s Ideology



Believed African
Americans should stand
up and fight for their
freedom. – Black
Nationalism
Believed violence was
necessary to earn
freedom.
Believed that the
Christian religion was
based on the white
culture.
Stokely Carmichael







The Black Power Movement
SNCC became more radical under the
leadership of Stokely Carmichael.
Carmichael advocated ideas of black
power, which called upon African
Americans to embrace their heritage,
build communities, and lead their
own organizations.
The Black Panthers
New militant political party called the
Black Panthers was formed.
The Black Panthers wanted African
Americans to lead their own
communities.
Demanded that the federal
government rebuild the nation’s
ghettos.
Consequences
Martin Luther King
 One of the most widely
revered figures in American
History.
 Achieved legislation (Voting
Rights Act and Civil Rights
Act)
 He was shot outside a hotel
in Memphis, Tennessee in
1968.
Malcolm X
 Tensions arose between
Malcolm and the Nation of
Islam.
 Malcolm said he would
defend himself against
death threats.
 He was shot 16 times
during a speech in 1965.
MLK Jr. Day

President Ronald
Reagan signed
the bill to make
January 15th, the
celebration of Dr.
King’s birthday a
national holiday.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT

1964 Civil Rights Act:
banning
segregation in
public facilities as
well as racial
discrimination in
employment and
education.
The Voting's Rights Act of 1965



The murder of votingrights activists in
Mississippi, gained
national attention,
along with numerous
other acts of violence
and terrorism.
President Johnson
issued a call for a
strong voting rights law and
hearings began thereafter on
the bill that would become the
Voting Rights Act.
Voting Rights Act: Ends
discriminatory voting
practices.