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Exploring American
History
American History
Unit VII – The Beginning of Modern America
Chapter 22 Section 1- The United States Gains
Overseas Territories
The United States Gains
Overseas Territories
The Big Idea
In the last half of the 1800s, the United States
joined the race for control of overseas
territories.
Main Ideas
• The United States ended its policy of
isolationism.
• Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.
• The United States sought trade with Japan and
China.
Main Idea 1:
The United States ended its policy of
isolationism.
 Powerful Western nations were building naval bases
to protect shipping routes in the 1800s.
• Was an aspect of imperialism: building an empire by
founding colonies or conquering other nations
• Europeans extended colonial empires to control most of
Africa and Southeast Asia during 1870–1914.
 European countries wanted sources of raw
materials, new markets for manufactured goods,
and increased national pride.
 Meanwhile, the United States followed a limited
policy of isolationism– avoiding involvement in the
affairs of other countries.
America’s Policy Shifts
By the late 1800s, some Americans wanted
to end isolationism in order to
• Expand and keep the economy strong
• Protect economic interests by building a strong navy
with many overseas bases
United States began building an empire in
late 1800s
Purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2
million in 1867
• Called “Seward’s Folly” for Secretary of State William H.
Seward, who negotiated the purchase of what critics
called the “Alaskan Icebox”
Annexed Pacific Ocean territories
• Midway Island in 1867
• Samoa in 1899
Imperialist Activity


Imperialism: Extending a nation’s power over
other lands.
Causes of U.S. Expansionism
• Economic- Desire for new markets and raw materials
• Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling stations.
• Ideological- desire to bring Christianity, western-style
culture and democracy to other peoples.

Scramble for territory- 1800’s
• European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the
economy of Latin America
• America believed it was its “manifest destiny” to
expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now people
sought lands even further west.
End of Isolation



Identify- Which areas of the
world did Europeans try to
control between 1870-1914?
Recall- Name three forces that
drove European imperialism.
Contrast- What is isolationism?
What did the opponents of
isolationism believe?
Main Idea 2:
Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.
Americans owned most shops and shipyards in Hawaii by
1840s.
Sugar became a leading export and the industry prospered.
Planters forced the Hawaiian king to sign a new constitution
granting them more legislative power.
After Liliuokalani became queen and proposed a new
constitution, planters led a revolt and set up their own
revolutionary government supported by the United States.
Congress annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898, but it did not
become the fiftieth state until 1959.
Influence in Hawaii

Early Contact
• British in 1778
• Chief Kamehameha- united eight
islands and established a kingdom.
Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called peleleu
• Americans arrive- traders and
and were mounted with guns for his conquest of the
missionaries.
Hawaiian Islands.
• Foreigners brought diseases.

Sugar cane and power
• Investors in the Sugar Cane industry
began to increase their control and
their profits. Sanford B. Dole.
• King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to
allow Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax
free and make it the cheapest sugar.
Taking Control of Hawaii

Plotting against the king and the end of the
monarchy
• Hawaiian League- secret organization to
overthrow the king and establish democracyAmerican business leaders, planters and traders.
• Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakauahe lost power, his people couldn’t vote and Pearl
Harbor went to the Americans.
• Sugar treaty rejected

Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power
of the monarchy.
• 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and
Queen surrenders.
• Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as
president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S.
protection.

Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of
this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii
become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.
Hawaii becomes a Territory
Explain- What happened
in 1875 that helped the
Hawaiian sugar industry
grow?
 Predict- What would
native Hawaiians learn
from the missionaries?

Main Idea 3:
The United States sought trade
with Japan and China.

The island nation of Japan was isolated
from the rest of the world.

The United States wanted to open Japan’s
markets before Europeans arrived.

Commodore Matthew Perry was sent on a
mission to Japan to secure friendship and
commerce in 1853 and failed.

Perry returned to Japan in 1854 with a
show of power and many gifts.

A commercial treaty was negotiated in
1858.

By the 1890s, Japan was itself an imperial
power.
Influence in Japan



1853- Commodore
Matthew Perry sent to get
trade treaty with Japan.
Japanese awed by U.S.
naval strength- Treaty of
Kanagwa 1854.
Japanese modernization
Japan seized Taiwan in
1895.
Foreign Powers in China
Spheres of
Influence
• Japan defeated
China in the
Sino-Japanese
War, 1894–95.
• Other countries
wanted to set up
spheres of
influence, areas
where they could
control trade and
natural
resources, in
China
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
• U.S. Secretary of
State John Hay
set forth an
Open Door
Policy.
• Policy stated that
all nations should
have equal
access to trade
in China.
• China resented
foreign control.
• Nationalists
attacked foreign
settlements in
Beijing in Boxer
Rebellion in
1900.
• Boxers were
defeated, China
paid a fine, and
the Open Door
policy remained.
Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 3:28 min.
U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China



Recall- Why did President
Fillmore send Commodore Perry
to Japan?
Identify Cause and Effect- Why
had European powers not yet
formed trade ties with Japan?
Evaluate – What do you think
about the actions of Commodore
Perry toward the Japanese?
U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China



Recall- How was the United States
1899 Open Door Policy treated by the
European powers and Japan?
Sequence- What series of events in
1868, 1895 and 1905 led to Japan
becoming a world power?
Evaluate – If you were a Chinese
nationalist, what would you think of
being within the sphere of influence
of so many other countries?
U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China


Recall- How long did the Boxers
siege of the foreigners’ walled
settlement last?
Evaluate – What is your opinion
about China being forced to
make a $333 million payment to
foreign governments after the
Boxer rebellion?