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HUMAN REACTION TO TECHNOLOGY
CHANGE
STRESS DEFINITIONS
 …A NATURAL
BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
TO UNUSUAL
DEMANDS.
 A SURVIVAL
MECHANISM THAT
ALLOWS THE BODY TO
ADJUST QUICKLY TO
RELEASE ENERGY
NEEDED FOR
SURVIVAL… FLEE OR
FIGHT..
STRESS DEFINITIONS
 “STRESS IS DIFFERENT FROM CHALLENGE.”
ACCORDING TO NIOSH – STRESS IS “THE
HARMFUL PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL
RESPONSES THAT OCCUR WHEN THE
REQUIRMENTS OF THE JOB DO NOT MATCH THE
CAPABILITIES, RESOURCES, OR NEEDS OF THE
WORKER”.
STRESS DEFINITIONS
 “STRESS IS DIFFERENT FROM CHALLENGE” –
NIOSH
 CHALLENGE ENERGIZES AND MOTIVATES
WORKERS TO LEARN NEW SKILLS AND LEAVES
THEM FEELING RELAXED AND SATISFIED. STRESS
CREATES AN IMBALANCE THAT CAN TRIGGER A
VARIETY OF NEGATIVE HEALTH EFFECTS.
STRESS
 NONSPECIFIC
RESPONSE OF THE
BODY TO ANY
DEMAND PLACED
UPON IT.
 HANS SELYE
WHAT STRESS???
Stress is:
The cause for 40% of job turnover.
(Bureau of National Affairs)
At least involved in “60 to 90
percent of doctor visits” (Perkins,
1994)
PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM –
 Increased heart rate
 Increases “hardening of the arteries”. (Dr. Georg Noll, et
al., 2002)
 Increased Blood Pressure
Stroke –
 According to the AHA, every minute in the US, a
person experiences a stroke.
 Researchers from the University of Michigan
and physicians in Finland studied 2,300 men in
Finland.
 Those subjected to various stressors over 11
years, and whose blood pressure rose from the
stressors showed a 72 percent greater chance of
stroke (Everson, et al. 2001)
 Muscles and Bones
 Fight or Flight syndrome results in tense
muscles. Muscles that are chronically tensed
will contract and become shortened. This
pulls ligaments, tendons, and joints, creating
pain.
 And what about headaches, fatigue, muscle
weakness, and various musculoskeletal
pains?
GI System
 Decreased saliva – or – too much!
 Increased secretion of stomach
acids – nausea, ulcers, diarrhea.
The Immune System
Compromised. Decrease in TCells and other antibodies.
(Kiecolt-Glaser and Glaser, 1993)
Ability to fight off colds
compromised. (Cohen, Tyrell, and
Smith, 1991)
Asthma
Can be triggered by nonallergic
triggers such as “stress, fear,
fatigue, and anxiety”.
Cancer
 When people are exposed to
chronic stress, white blood cells
diminish in number – preventing
them from destroying cancer cells.
Depression
 Depression seems to be a frequent
symptom of stress. It is noted that
some depression is related to a
chemical imbalance – and can be
hereditary in nature.
Enough???
STRESS
 EUSTRESS –
INTERPRETED AS
POSITIVE
 DISTRESS –
INTERPRETED AS
NEGATIVE
STRESS - THE GAS
(GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME)
 I. FIGHT OR FLIGHT ACTIVATED
 2. RESISTANCE
 3. ADAPATATION
 4. EXHAUSTION
ANOTHER WAY OF VIEWING THIS!
 SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF STRESS
 FASTER HEART BEAT
 INCREASED SWEATING
 COOL SKIN
 COLD HANDS AND FEET
 FEELING OF NAUSEA – BUTTERFLIES IN THE STOMACH
 RAPID BREATING
 TENSE MUSCLES
 DRY MOUTH
 A DESIRE TO VOID THE BLADDER
 DIARRHEA
AND
 SHORT TERM PERFORMANCE EFFECTS:
 INTERFERES WITH JUDGEMENT
 REDUCES ENJOYMENT OF WORK
 INTERFERES WITH MOTOR SKILLS
 PERCEIVE DIFFICULT SITUATIONS AS THREATS,
NOT CHALLENGES