Download Chapter 20 Notes - Spokane Public Schools

Chapter 20 Notes
Fort Sumter
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Had a very limited supply
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Would only last a few weeks
Lincoln wanted to send provisions
The South saw it as aggression
On April 12, 1861 the Confederates attacked
34 hour bombardment – took no lives
The Garrison surrendered
This electrified the North
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Before talked of departing in peace
The Border States
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Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North
Carolina joined the seceded states.
Richmond Virginia became the Confederate
capital.
Leaves Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Missouri,
Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland and Delaware
as border states
Lincoln: “Hoped to have God on his side but had
to have Kentucky”
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Ohio River
Tributaries: Cumberland and Tennessee
United States map of 1861, show affiliation
of states and territories regarding the Civil
War
Legend:
 Dark Maroon: States that
seceded before April 15,
1861
 Red: States that seceded
after April 15, 1861
 Yellow: Union states that
permitted slavery
 Blue: Union states that
forbade slavery
 Grey: Territories
unaffiliated
The South
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Advantages
Talented officers
Fighting on own soil
Bred to fight
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Disadvantages
Shortages of shoes,
uniforms, and blankets
Population 9 million
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Including 3.5 million slaves
Many often went hungry
due to supply problems
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Breakdown of
transportation system
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Rail Roads
The North
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Advantages
Economy
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Huge farm AND sprawling
factory
¾ of the nation’s wealth
The sea
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Established a blockade
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Choked off supplies
Shattered Southern
morale
Manpower
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22 million
Immigrants
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Disadvantages
Less prepared army
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“Clodhoppers”
“Shopkeepers”
No effective military
leaders
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Trial and error
The Ifs
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If the Border States had seceded
If uncertain states of the upper Mississippi
Valley had turned against the Union
If a wave of Northern defeatism had
demanded an armistice
If Britain and/or France had broken the
blockade
The South Might Have Won
King Cotton
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British relied on American South for 75% of its
cotton supplies
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Needed Food more
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Such good crops years before left Britain with a
surplus
India and Egypt filled in the gap later
And getting that from the North
A good reason not to cross the blockade and risk a
war with the Union
The Blockade is a key reason why the
South was claiming only 12% of the
nations wealth in 1870
Europe
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Britain
The Trent Affair
Making ships
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Alabama
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Laird rams
Best interest to help
south but own people
would not have it
Eventually have to bow to
the Northern requests
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France
Ignores Southern pleas
Uses war as a chance to
take Mexico
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Inserts Maximilian as
Emperor of Mexico
Was hoping they would
forget Monroe Doctrine
Napoleon III gives up
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Maximillian before firing
squad
The North Economic Boom
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Leaps in technology creates America’s first
Millionaire boys
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Sewing machines
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Putting profits before patriotism
“shoddy millionaires”
Fabricating uniforms and footwear
Goodbye tailored clothing hello sizes
Petroleum a.k.a. coal oil
Vast surpluses in grain