Download Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

Racial/Cultural Identity
Development Model
International Step by Step Association
Conformity Stage
a) Minority - unequivocal preference for
dominant cultural values over their own; share
dominant group attitudes and beliefs toward
other minorities
b) Majority
• acceptance of majority superiority
• denial and compartmentalization
Dissonance Stage
a) Minority
• questioning and challenging of the attitudes/beliefs of the
conformity stage
• awareness that “isms” do exist
• mixed feelings of shame and pride
b) Majority
• recognize their “isms” and the part they play in oppressing
minority groups
• feelings of guilt, shame, anger
• tendency to retreat into majority culture.
Resistance and Immersion Stage
a) Minority
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reject the dominant values of society and culture
desire to eliminate oppression
guilt, shame, and anger
orientation toward self-discovery of own history and
culture.
b) Majority
• feelings of anger and guilt
• paternalistic protector role or the over identification
with minority group.
Introspection Stage
a) Minority
• need for positive self-definition
• conflict between responsibility and allegiance to one's
own minority group and personal independence and
autonomy.
b) Majority
• both acceptance and rejection of majority identity
• need for greater individual autonomy
• reduction of the defensiveness and guilt associated with
being the part of majority group.
Integrative Awareness Stage
a) Minority
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•
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inner sense of security; appreciation of unique aspects of
own culture
resolved conflicts; greater individual control and flexibility
Understanding that there are acceptable and unacceptable
aspects in all cultures
strong commitment toward eradication of isms.
b) Majority
•
sense of self-fulfillment with regard to own identity
•
increased knowledge and appreciation for cultural diversity;
increased social commitment toward eradication of isms.