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Judaism
The first monotheistic religion.
The first to believe in one G_d.
Sinai Peninsula
Where are Jews Located Today?
Founding Fathers
Abraham ~ 2000 BCE
Considered the first Hebrew.
First person to believe in one G_d.
Moses ~1300 BCE
Ten Commandments were revealed to him on
Mt Sinai.
Moses was the man who led his people out of
Egypt. This movement is known as the Exodus.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The oldest surviving texts of the Hebrew Bible
were found in a set of caves in 1947.
The 2000 year-old Dead Sea Scrolls were printed
on papyrus and had been stored in clay jars.
The caves of Qumran,
where the scrolls were
found.
Who is the Jewish G_d?
Jews believe in a single, omniscient (all
knowing), omnipotent (all powerful),
omnipresent (in all places at all times),
who created the universe and continues to
be involved in its governance.
This G_d is just and merciful and has no
form or representation.
Creation Story
Jews believe it took G_d six days to create
the world and everything in it.
On the seventh day G_d rested.
The Creation of the Heavens
Michelangelo
Sacred Text ~ Torah
The first five books of the Hebrew Bible
which presents the Mosaic law and moral
codes.
Torah comes from the Hebrew word for
“instruction.”
Always written in Hebrew
613 Commandments
Rules for moral conduct: Ten Commandments
Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments given to Moses are these:
1. You shall have no other G_ds before me.
2. You shall not make idols.
3. You shall not take the Lord’s name in vain.
4. You shall honor the Sabbath.
5. You shall honor your parents.
6. You shall not murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not commit perjury.
10. You shall not covet.
How do you become a Jew?
Traditional Jewish Law: a Jew is anyone
born of a Jewish mother or converted in
accordance with Jewish Law.
Judaism maintains that a Jew, whether by birth
or conversion, is a Jew forever.
All Jews consider themselves to be descendants
of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
Holy Days
Passover-commemorates the story of the Exodus,
in which the ancient Israelites were freed from
slavery in Egypt.
Rosh Hashanah-Creation of the World
Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement-most important
holy day.
Painting by Maurycy
Gottlieb, 1878, depicting
Ashkenazi Jews praying
in the synagogue on
Yom Kippur, the Jewish
Day of Atonement.
Rituals
Sabbath~
The weekly holy day-sundown Friday to
sundown Saturday-reserved for worship and
attention to family and community.
Rituals
Bar Mitzvah & Bat Mitzvah
Respectively mean “son” and “daughter” of
the Commandment.
Religious rites of passage for thirteen-yearold boys and twelve-year-old girls.
After the ceremony, they are fully
responsible in the eyes of G_d
and are seen as adult members
of the congregation.
Kosher
Kashruth (kashroot)
Very specific dietary laws regarding food
restrictions as well as proper animal
slaughter.
Where Do Jews Pray?
Synagogue
Central place for worship and the place where
customs, religious practice and faith are
maintained
Synagogue in Florence, Italy
Dress
Yarmulke
Covering the head is
regarded more as a custom
rather than a commandment.
It is a common pious
practice to cover the head at
all times, it is not religiously
mandatory.
Other beliefs of the Jewish People
Jews believe the Messiah will be a person
(not a god), from the family of King David,
who will lead the world to unity and peace.
Jews do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah.
Jews do recognize that in his time, Jesus was an
influential Jewish teacher who lived and died as
a Jew, with no thought of creating a separate
religion.
Symbols
Star of David
End
Major Branches of Judaism
Orthodox:
Original and only form of Judaism until the
1800’s.
Named Orthodox in reaction to the advent of
Reform Judaism.
Most observant.
Major Branches of Judaism
Reform
Founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in 1873 in
rebellion against the binding traditions of
orthodoxy.
Most flexible about observance of Jewish laws.
Largest Jewish movement in North America.
Major Branches of Judaism
Conservative
Organized by Dr. Solomon Schechter in 1913 as
a reaction to Reform Judaism's liberalism.
Philosophically stands between Orthodox and
Reform.