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Psychological Disorders
Lesson 16-1
Bell Ringer
• Read excerpt p. 447
• It is often difficult to distinguish between
normal and abnormal behavior.
• Prophet was diagnosed as “paranoid
schizophrenic”
• Was seen as normal when he was home
Bell Ringer
• What is considered “normal” adolescent
behavior?
• Would these behaviors be abnormal in the
following settings?
– Rural village in India
– Presidential inauguration
– Funeral
Bell Ringer
• What behavior takes place at a State
Tournament game?
• Is it abnormal?
Identifying Psychological
Disorders
• Deviation from normal
– Says something everyone does is normal?
– If everyone cheats on income tax, are honest
taxpayers abnormal?
– Not always a useful standard
Identifying Psychological
Disorders
• Failure to adjust
– Normal people can get along in the world
– So unhappy they can’t eat, take care of
themselves, hold a job.
• Cultural Context
– Behavior that is acceptable in one society is not
acceptable in another
– Antoinne and hand holding
Psychological Health
• Mental health and mental illness imply that
a psychological disturbance is like a
physical sickness.
• Psychologists believe a healthy person is
one who strives towards ideal functioning
Psychological Health
• Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow- called it
self-actualization
– Full acceptance and expression of one’s own
individuality and humanness
– Hard to determine
– When is a person doing their best?
Psychological Health
• Thomas Szasz– Said most people who are labeled as mentally
ill, really are not
– Says they have a problem with living
– Psychiatrists label them as sick and put them in
hospitals
– Only when a problem becomes severe enough
to disrupt daily life should it be called an
illness.
Hysteria
• Comes from Greek word for uterus
• Diagnosed women with mental disorders by
using the theory that the womb moved
around the body
• Became known as hysteria
• Theory led to witchcraft persecutions
Drilling of the Skull
• In Egypt and Babylonia they believed
mental illness was due to evil spirits.
• Would drill into the skull to let the evil
spirits escape.
How Common?
• How common are psychological disorders?
• One in seven in the U.S. will seek help at
some point in their life.
The Problem of Classification
• 1952, American Psychiatric Association
published the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders. (DSM)
– Revised in 1994- called DSM IV
DSM IV
• Essential Features- characteristics that
define the disorder
• Associated Features- additional features that
are usually present
• Information of differential diagnosis- how
to distinguish it from other diseases
• Diagnostic criteria- list of symptoms
DSM IV
• Reduces one Dr. diagnosing schizophrenia
and other diagnosing manic depression
• Recognizes that a person can have more
than one label.
Axes of mental functioning
• I- current symptoms
• II- developmental disorders, personality
disorders, maladaptive traits like
compulsiveness
• III- physical disorders or medical
conditions, chemical imbalances
Axes of mental functioning
• IV- measure current stress level
• V- highest level of adaptive functioning in
the last year.
– Social relationships- quality of a person’s
relationships with family and friends
– Occupational functioning- as worker,
homemaker, student
Axes of Mental Functioning
Use of leisure time- recreational activities and hobbies
Labels
• Label can reduce a person’s self-esteem
• Affects how others relate with them
Mad Hatter
• Where did this term come from?
• Hat makers suffered from tremors, slurred
speech, and confusion
• Caused by mercury vapors they inhaled
while working with felt hats.
Class Debate
• Do song lyrics, video games, internet sites, and
movies that are obscene or violent cause or
contribute to deviant behavior?
• When, if ever, should materials be censored?
• Who should decide if material is suitable for
young children and teens?
• Should freedom of speech and press extend to all
forms of expression?
Debate: Insanity Plea
• John Hinckley tried for shooting President
Ronald Reagan in 1981
• Found not guilty, reason of insanity
• Could not tell right from wrong and could
not control his behavior because of a
psychological disorder.
• Sane and insane are legal terms
Debate: Insanity Plea
• People found guilty by insanity are confined
for treatment in special hospitals.
• Held at least as long as people found guilty
• After Hinckley case, states created review
boards to oversee the treatment provided to
those who have been found not guilty by
reason of insanity.
Assignment
• Shake hand of friend, but hold on much
longer than usual
• Make direct eye contact with someone and
hold the gaze for 15-20 seconds
• Respond to greeting “How are you” with
“Why do you want to know”
Assignment
• Try this with at least three people and
immediately write down your reactions.
• You will share reactions tomorrow