Download Organization of the Body and General Systems

Organization of the Body and
General Systems
What are humans?
• Organisms are classified as
human because they are:
• Animals
• Vertebrates
• Possess backbones
• Mammals
• Possess:
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•
•
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Mammary glands
Hair
Endothermy (i.e., we generate heat internally)
Heterodonty (i.e., we have teeth w/ different shapes
and functions)
• 3 middle ear bones.
Notes Unit 1
• Anatomy: study of the structure of the human
body
• Physiology: study of the functions/ activities of
structures of the human body
• Anatomical Position: Body upright, arms/legs
straight, palms forward, feet flat and eyes open
• Bilateral Symmetry: arrangement of body parts
along a central axis, so that the body is divided
into equal right and left halves
• Human Body
Can Anatomy & Physiology Be Separated?
• NO!!!!! Absolutely not!
• Structure and function are
undeniably connected. We
cannot divorce them.
• What do we mean by this?
• Can you eat soup with a fork?
• Find 2 everyday items and
determine whether/how their
structure (anatomy) relates to their
function (physiology
• When you consider the structure of
an organ, cell, or anything for that
matter you must also consider its
function!
Why Are Levels of Structure Important?
• In this class, we’ll study all levels and see how they
work together to create structures and allow them to
function.
• In essence, the combination of these different yet
connected levels allows life to proceed.
• But we must also be aware of emergent properties.
• Things are often much more than simply a sum of their parts.
• Consider a hammer which is made of a head and a handle.
Either piece by itself is of little use to drive a nail – but put
together, they perform the task quite easily.
• Or consider table salt – sodium chloride (NaCl). By themselves,
chlorine is a poisonous gas and sodium an explosive metal.
But when bound together, they create something much, much
different.
• We must be aware of emergent properties as well as reducing
structures to their component parts.
Hierarchy of Organization
Directional Terms
•Above
•Below
•To Midline
•To Side
•To Surface
•To core
•To front
•To back
•Extremity near trunk
•Extremity away from
trunk
•Nose Sup. to chin
•Stomach inf. to head
•Sternum med. to
shoulders
•Ears lat. to nose
•Skin sup. to heart
•Lungs deep to ribs
•Toes vent. to heel
•Spine dors. to
sternum
•Elbow is prox. to
wrist
•Toes dist. to knee
Directional Terms
Body Planes and Directions
• Sagittal- divides body
in left and right
• Coronal- divides body
in anterior and post
• Transverse- divides
Body inn superior and
Inferior
• Red =Vertical Plane
• Blue=Horizontal Plane
Stayin’ Alive
-Your body has about 100 trillion cells in it.
-For your life to NOT end abruptly, these
cells need to have the correct amount of:
-Oxygen
-Nutrients
-Waste removal
-Heat
-Ions (sodium, calcium, etc.)
-Lots of other stuff
Organ Systems
•
1.
Total of 11…“Run Mrs. Lidec”
Gonads which make sex producing
hormones/cells; development of the fetus
2. Kidney, bladder, urethrafilters blood/body
fluid balance
3. Brain/Spinal cord/nerves, Multiple fxn’s
4. Ind. Muscles and groups, responsible for
movement, etc.
5. Nose  Alveoli, exchange of gases
6. Bones, support/protect/make blood
7. Node/spleen/tonsilsprotection,return of fluids
8. Skin/Hairmake Vit. D/prevent desiccation
9. MouthAnus, nutrients and water to the body
10. Hormone Makers! Hypothalamus, thyroid, adr.
11. Heart/Vessels, Transportation