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Tutorial 1
Introduction to Endocrine
physiology
Case 1
 History
Salma is a 35 year old lady presented to her doctor
with the following symptoms; intolerance to cold,
decrease in appetite with increase in weight. Her
doctor suspected that she may have hypothyroidism
and requested blood test for some hormones level.
Q1: What does hypothyroidism mean?
Q2: What do we mean by primary and secondary dysfunction of a
gland?
Q3: What are the hormones required to be tested in thyroid
dysfunction?
Q4: If she has normal hypothalamus and pituitary gland, what do
you think her TSH level will be; in hypothyroidism and
hyperthyroidism, Why?
Case 1 (cont.)
 Blood test confirmed that she has hypothyroidism. 100
microgram thyroxine was prescribed to her. She was
asked to come after 3 months to repeat blood test.
Knowing that thyroxine is lipid-soluble hormone
Q1. what is the route of administration?
Q2. How are lipid-soluble hormones transported in
blood?
Q3. Where in the cell are the receptors located?
Q4. Why was she asked to come for repeated blood
after 3 months and not few days?
Case 1 (cont.)
 In her next visit, she complained of palpitation.
Her heart rate was found to be 120 b/min.
Q1. What is the explanation for her symptom?
Case 2
 Salem is 33 year old who presented to his doctor with
symptoms and signs suggestive of Cushing’s syndrome
(cortisol hypersecretion). His doctor told hem that he need to
admit for some hormonal investigation.
Q1.From which gland is cortisol secreted?
Q2. Why does he need to be admitted?
Q3. What is circadian rhythm?