Download Chapter 19 - Oakman School News

Chapter 19
Section 1
“Europeans Explore the East”
For “God, Glory, and Gold”
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Europeans Seek New Trade Routes
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Main reason for exploration is to gain wealth
Contact during Crusades spurs demand for Asian
goods
Muslims and Italians control trade from East to
West
Other European nations want to bypass these
powers
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The Spread of Christianity
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The desire to spread the religion motivates
Europeans to explore
Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias wants to
serve God and king
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Crusades
Demand for luxury items
Break Italian & Muslim monopoly
Find alternate routes to Asia
Feudalism over—adventure
Curiosity about the world
(Renaissance)
Spread Christianity
Technology Makes Exploration Possible
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In 1400s
the caravel
makes it
possible to
sail against
wind
Technology Makes Exploration
Possible
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Astrolabe makes
navigation easier
Used to determine
altitude of stars
Magnetic compass
improves tracking
of direction
Portugal Leads the Way
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The Portuguese
Explore Africa
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Prince Henry
supports exploration
In 1419, he founds
navigation school on
coast of Portugal
By 1460, there are
trading posts along
west coast of Africa
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Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
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1488 – Bartolomeu Dias sails around the
southern tip of Africa
1498 – Vasco da Gama sails to India
1499 – da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable
cargo
Spain Also Makes Claims
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A Rival Power
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Columbus sails for
Spain
Reaches the
Americas instead of
Asia
Opens Americas to
exploration and
colonization
Treaty of Tordesillas
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1493 – Pope
decides to divide
these lands between
Spain and Portugal
with an imaginary
line through the
Atlantic Ocean
1494 – agreement
formalized by the
Treaty of Tordesillas
Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
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Portugal’s Trading Empire
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1509 – Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over
Indian Ocean trade
1510 – Portugal captures Goa, port city in
western India
1511 – Portugal seizes Malacca, in Malay
Peninsula
These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian
trade
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Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese
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English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in the
17th century
Dutch have more ships than any other nation in
1600
Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of
Asian trade
Dutch then overpower English
Form Dutch East India Company for Asian Trade
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European Trade Outposts
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1619 – Dutch set up trade headquarters at
Batavia, on Java
Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows
Amsterdam, Dutch capital, becomes wealthy city
Dutch also control southern tip of Africa
England’s East India Company gains strength in
India
France also gains trade foothold in India