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Brain Structures and Functions The Nervous System • The central nervous system (CNS): brain and the spinal cord. • Peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves. • Motor neurons: deliver the instructions from the brain to the rest of your body. • The spinal cord: carries messages to and from the brain. The Brain • Three main parts of brain: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. • Forebrain: cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system). • Midbrain: tectum and tegmentum. • Hindbrain: cerebellum, pons and medulla. The Cerebrum • Largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. • Divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe (reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving); parietal lobe (movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli); occipital lobe (visual processing); and temporal lobe (perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech). • Divided into two halves: left hemisphere = logic and right hemisphere= creativity. The Cerebellum • Regulates and coordinates movement, posture, and balance. • “Little brain.” • Two hemispheres. Limbic System • ”Emotional brain" is found buried within the cerebrum. • Contains the thalamus (sensory and motor functions); hypothalamus (emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms); amygdala (memory and emotion); and hippocampus (learning and memory). Brain Stem • Responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. • The brain stem is made of the midbrain (vision, hearing, eye movement and bodily movement); pons (motor control and sensory analysis); and medulla (maintaining vital bodily functions such as breathing).