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The visual Turing test
Matjaž Gams
Institut “Jožef Stefan”
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Outline
Relation to cognitive sciences
Computer vision
Turing and the vision Turing test
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Computer vision
• (Broek 2011) intersection human-computer: study of pictures and
videos in order to achieve results similar to those as by men.
• David Marr (1979) vision is the process of discovering from
images what is present in the world. Vision is solving the "ill-posed
problems" of reverse by adding assumptions about the world into
the process of vision. Marr strongly believed in Turing.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Computer vision Karl Pribram
Holonomic brain model of cognitive
function
Processing in the brain:
- large fiber tracts in the brain, and
- processing in webs of fine fiber branches,
e.g. dendrites, performing multiple
computing from multiple sources in the
web.
Gabor quanta of information, wavelets in
quantum holography. Holograms
correspond to 3D images and can correlate
and store a huge amount of information.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Computer vision
• (ECAI 2012) computer vision outperforms humans in several
tasks, e.g. counting objects (sheep, furniture), medical imaging.
• Computer more accurate than human doctor at breast
cancer diagnosis
Computer scientists and
pathologists at Stanford
University now have a
computer system, called CPath (Computational
Pathologist), that can look a
tissue sample and diagnose
breast cancer more
accurately than a human
doctor.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Computer vision
• (ECAI 2012) computer vision or with other sensors
enables movement in the real environment: autonomous
cars, choppers, robots.
., l
Wolfram Burgard,
University of Freiburg,
Germany:
Probabilistic Techniques for
Mobile Robot Navigation.
Robot Obeliks
3 km in 1.5h, Freiburg,
German TV.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Seeing is a cognitive process
• Fast progressing, but like in chess
• The meaning or the understanding
of what is seen
is the correct version
of zillion of possibilities captured in a picture
(a line or an edge?, seeing after 40 years).
• Deciphering uses time, sequences, shades …,
and knowledge,
and models
and meaning / cognition.
• Seeing is a cognitive process.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Seeing is a cognitive process
Michael G. "Mike" May (born 1954) blinded at the age of 3 but regained
vision in 2000, at 46. He sees the picture OK.
He still has no intuitive grasp of depth perception. As people walk away
from him, he perceives them as literally shrinking in size, has problems
distinguishing male from female faces, and recognizing emotions.
Michael lost his eyesight at age 3, when his vision was still not fully
developed to distinguish shapes, drawings or images clearly. The
impairment of his visual cortex, due to the loss of his vision at a very early
age, resulted in visual cortex cells that are not used to the stimuli in his
surroundings.
Michael has developed very precise senses of hearing and touch.
Similar to language (wolf children) early development (hardware) of the
brain is essential – the visual neurons have to bind together with meaning
neurons.
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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1950 – birth of AI, Turing test
Turing, Alan (October 1950), "Computing Machinery and
Intelligence", Mind.
Turing test – TT
Total TT - TTT
Total total TT – TTTT
Loebner test 1991CAPTCHA, Jeopardy 2011
Searl’s Chinese room
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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TT too simple or too hard?
Web: lots of links how a particular system fooled humans, e.g. the
review process
French: The Turing Test is already too hard and too anthropocentric
for any machine that was not a physical, social, and behavioral carbon
copy of ourselves to actually pass it.
MG: „Fair“ TT: do not compare to an actual adult; compare it to a
human model; if the tested subject demonstrates intelligent and
cognitive skills at a level of a child or any intelligent form
Visual Turing test: instead of symbolic tasks, vision tasks
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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Visual Turing test - CAPTCHA
• Differentiate computers
from humans
• Easiest and fastest version of the Turing test
• Looking at an android or
Madame Tussauds wax hard
JSI, visuat TT 9.10.2012
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