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APPEASEMENT
IN EUROPE…
 1930s - The rise of
fascism
 Fascism – a political
movement based on
extreme nationalism,
lack of individual rights,
and one-party rule
 Seen in Germany and
Italy
 Based a lot on anger
 Why would these countries
be angry?
NATIONALISM VS. FASCISM
Nationalism – “My country is great.”
Fascism – “My country is better than all
other countries, and I’m going to punch
you in the face to prove it.”
MUSSOLINI
 Italy angry
 Didn’t get land from Treaty
of Versailles, and huge
unemployment
 Benito Mussolini founded
Fascist Party in 1919
 Promised jobs, big military
 Takes power in 1922 –
got rid of democracy right
away
 Totalitarian
 Nicknamed “Il Duce” – or the
leader
 Used group known as
Blackshirts to enforce power
ADOLF HITLER
 Germany angry about treatment
after World War One
 Blamed for World War One, land taken
away
 Hitler and Nazi party evoke
nationalism, tell Germans to be
proud of their country
 Called Germans “Aryans”, or the
master race
THE RISE OF THE NAZI PART Y
 Hitler tries to take power
in 1923 – arrested
 While in jail, writes Mein
Kampf, or “My Struggle”
 Takes control of Nazi Party
when released
 Named chancellor (like
Prime Minister) of
Germany in 1933
 Weimar Republic was afraid
of Nazis, thought they could
win him over by doing this
HITLER TARGETS OPPONENTS
 1934 – Nazis set fire to
Reichstag (German
Parliament), blame
Communists
 Hitler declares his
government the Third
Reich, names himself
dictator, or Der Fuhrer
 Uses Brownshirts, SS,
Gestapo to enforce his rule
 Allies with Mussolini
SCENARIO
There is a bully in school who
is taking kids’ lunch money
and threatening to beat up
people if they don’t pay up.
What can you do?
1. Refuse to pay
2. Pay in full
3. Tr y to strike a deal with
the bully
 What are the risks with each
of these?
1930S – A TIME OF INTERNATIONAL
BULLYING
 Japan, Italy, and Germany
become bullies, use military
aggression to take what
they want
 Japan invades Manchuria
(1931) and China (1937) –
brutal when they do so
 League of Nations protests,
but can’t stop them
 What message does this
send to other bullies?
ITALY
 Italy tried to invade Ethiopia
in 1890 and failed
 Mussolini wants revenge,
invades again in 1935
 Ethiopian emperor Haile
Selassie begs League of
Nations for help, but they do
nothing
HAILE SELASSIE
“Throughout histor y, it has
been the inaction of those who
could have acted; the
indifference of those who
should have known better; the
silence of the voice of justice
when it mattered most; that
has made it possible for evil to
triumph.”
GERMANY
 1935 – Hitler announces he
won’t listen to Treaty of
Versailles anymore
 Increases size of army
 1936 – Sends troops into
Rhineland (demilitarized
zone between France and
Germany)
 League of Nations issues
statement condemning
action, but nothing else
APPEASEMENT
 Appeasement – making
concessions to avoid a war
 What role could World War One
have played in this?
 Munich Conference (1938) –
meeting between Britain,
France, Germany, and Italy to
discuss expansion. They end
up appeasing the aggressors
and giving them what they
want.
 “I believe it is peace in our
time” – Neville Chamberlain,
British Prime Minister
 He thought giving in to bullies
avoided war