Download Unit 9 Cold War Review

Unit 9 – Origins of the Cold War Ch 21 and Ch 25 Sec 1
Cold War
Korean War
Red Scare
Potsdam
- United Nations
McCarthyism
Germany Divided
- 38th Parallel
loyalty oaths
satellite nations
- D. MacArthur
repression of Civil Rights
Iron Curtain
- results
“duck and cover”
containment
Vietnam Conflict
fallout shelters
Truman Doctrine
- Ho Chi Minh
“more bang for the buck”
Marshall Plan
- France
rise in defense spending
Berlin Airlift
- Domino Theory
Mutual Assured Destruction
NATO
- Dien Bien Phu
Hydrogen Bomb
Warsaw Pact
- 17th Parallel
Nuclear Testing
United Nations
Rosenbergs
China / Taiwan HUAC (R. Nixon)
Rebuilding Japan
Sputnik
National Defense Education Act
Chambers v. Hiss
White = Lecture Notes
U-2 Incident
Yellow = Reading Quiz Notes
Extra Credit for
th
4
You will be reading the book “Warriors
Don’t Cry” which is a first hand
account of the integration of Little
Rock’s Central High School in 1957.
On February 25th (Wed) you will be
answering an essay question in class
on the book. You will be allowed to
bring in a 3x5 index card with notes
that you may want to take on the book
to use on the essay.
This will count as either….
a test grade OR a Double RQ grade
(depending on which helps more)
6-Weeks
Review of Unit 8 Test
A look back at the thirteen most
commonly missed questions from
the World War II test….
2. The poster was most likely made after what event of
World War II?
a. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
b. The Battle of Midway
c. The American Surrender
at Bataan
d. The Bombing of
Hiroshima
2. The poster was most likely made after what event of
World War II?
a. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
b. The Battle of Midway
c. The American Surrender
at Bataan
d. The Bombing of
Hiroshima
“March of Death” and
“Philippines” would both hint
towards the Bataan Death
March
3. Where would someone most likely find the poster
hanging in the 1940s?
a. in an American factory
producing weapons
b. on an American military
base in Europe
c. on a US navy ship in the
Pacific
d. in a peasant’s home
in Stalingrad
3. Where would someone most likely find the poster
hanging in the 1940s?
a. in an American factory
producing weapons
b. on an American military
base in Europe
c. on a US navy ship in the
Pacific
d. in a peasant’s home
in Stalingrad
7. A key to the American success at Midway was
a. the use of new sonar and radar technology
b. breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
c. the use of long-range B-25 bombers launched from
aircraft carriers
d. American submarines
7. A key to the American success at Midway was
a. the use of new sonar and radar technology
b. breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
c. the use of long-range B-25 bombers launched from
aircraft carriers
d. American submarines
Using the machine “JADE” enabled the Americans to break
the Japanese code and let them know when the attack
was coming so it would take away the surprise that
Japan thought it had achieved similar to Pearl Harbor.
a) Sonar and radar was available at Pearl Harbor
b) B-25s took off for the Doolittle Raid
d) Submarines had been around since World War I
TAKS 8. *The Battle of Midway was a crucial victory for
the United States because it –
a. dealt a severe blow to the Japanese navy
b. was the last sea battle of the war with
Japan
c. was fought on Japanese territory
d. destroyed Japan’s will to continue fighting
TAKS 8. *The Battle of Midway was a crucial victory for
the United States because it –
a. dealt a severe blow to the Japanese navy
b. was the last sea battle of the war with
Japan
c. was fought on Japanese territory
d. destroyed Japan’s will to continue fighting
Midway = the turning point of the war in the Pacific with the
sinking of four Japanese aircraft carriers
B and D) The war with Japan continued for three years
C) Midway was closer to Hawaii NOT Japan
____10. The first battle that the United States took part
in against Nazi Germany was in
a. North Africa
c. Sicily
b. Stalingrad
d. Normandy
____10. The first battle that the United States took part
in against Nazi Germany was in
a. North Africa
c. Sicily
b. Stalingrad
d. Normandy
The US wanted to attack Germany where it was weakest
(its “periphery”) and that was North Africa
B) Was a battle between the Germans and Russians
C) Was the “soft underbelly” AFTER North Africa
D) Was D-Day that opened a second front AFTER North
Africa, and Italy
____11. In order to ensure that military supplies
reached their troops overseas, the United States
used ____to transport goods.
a. battleships
c. convoys
b. cruise ships
d. aircraft carriers
____11. In order to ensure that military supplies
reached their troops overseas, the United States
used ____to transport goods.
a. battleships
c. convoys
b. cruise ships
d. aircraft carriers
A convoy is a group of cargo ships protected by navy ships
used to get supplies from the US to Europe
A) Are not used to transport goods (heavy guns)
B) Are used for vacations not cargo
D) Are used to transport planes from different theaters of
war
____13. Which battle in World War II was the first to
force Germany to go on the defensive?
a. Normandy
b. Battle of the Bulge
c. Sicily
d. Stalingrad
____13. Which battle in World War II was the first to
force Germany to go on the defensive?
a. Normandy
b. Battle of the Bulge
c. Sicily
d. Stalingrad
Stalingrad was the turning point of the war in Europe when
the harsh Russian winter helped hold back the German
offensive.
A and C) Both put Germany on the defensive but happened
well after Stalingrad
B) Was the last OFFENSIVE attack by the Germans which
happened on the Western Front after Normandy
The first atomic bomb ever detonated in the
world was at
a. Hiroshima
c. Berlin
b. Trinity
d. Nagasaki
The first atomic bomb ever detonated in the
world was at
a. Hiroshima
c. Berlin
b. Trinity
d. Nagasaki
Trinity, New Mexico was the first testing site for a nuclear
explosion
A) Hiroshima – first Japanese city hit by atomic bomb
C) Berlin – surrendered before the bomb was available
D) Nagasaki – second Japanese city hit by atomic bomb
TAKS 34. *The significance of the Allied invasion of
Normandy on June 6, 1944, was that
it –
a. caused the Soviet Union to join the war against Germany
b. liberated Paris from German control
c. opened a second major front in the war in Europe
d. forced Germany to surrender immediately
TAKS 34. *The significance of the Allied invasion of
Normandy on June 6, 1944, was that
it –
a. caused the Soviet Union to join the war against Germany
b. liberated Paris from German control
c. opened a second major front in the war in Europe
d. forced Germany to surrender immediately
Stalingrad was the turning point of the war in Europe when
the harsh Russian winter helped hold back the German
offensive.
A) Soviets joined as a result of Germany invading them
B) Paris liberation happened several months AFTER
D) The war would continue for almost a year after D-Day
____39. The last offensive attack launched by the
German armies in World War II was during
a. the Battle of the Bulge
b. Operation Overlord
c. Victory Gardens
d. Battle of Kasserine Pass
____39. The last offensive attack launched by the
German armies in World War II was during
a. the Battle of the Bulge
b. Operation Overlord
c. Victory Gardens
d. Battle of Kasserine Pass
The Battle of the Bulge was the German’s last gasp effort
on the Western Front after Paris was liberated
B) Operation Overlord was D-Day and the Germans were
on the defensive
C) Victory Gardens is a fictional battle name
D) Battle of Kasserine Pass was in North Africa 1942
____42. What was the significance of the American
victory at Iwo Jima in February of 1945?
a. It was the same day that Germany surrendered
b. It was the final battle in the Pacific
c. It was the first time American troops landed on
Japanese soil
d. It put American bombers within range of hitting
mainland Japan
____42. What was the significance of the American
victory at Iwo Jima in February of 1945?
a. It was the same day that Germany surrendered
b. It was the final battle in the Pacific
c. It was the first time American troops landed on
Japanese soil
d. It put American bombers within range of
hitting mainland Japan
Iwo Jima put the B-29 bomber within range to allow the
firebombing of Tokyo and the dropping of atomic bombs
A) Germany surrendered in May 1945
B) We would continue hopping islands into Okinawa
C) Iwo Jima was 250 miles away from mainland Japan
____48. All of the following are reasons in FAVOR of
dropping an atomic weapon on Japan to end the war
EXCEPT?
a. It would save both American and Japanese lives
b. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both military
targets
c. Revenge for Pearl Harbor and the Bataan Death
March
d. It would show to the rest of the world the power of
the United States
____48. All of the following are reasons in FAVOR of
dropping an atomic weapon on Japan to end the war
EXCEPT?
a. It would save both American and Japanese lives
b. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both military
targets
c. Revenge for Pearl Harbor and the Bataan Death
March
d. It would show to the rest of the world the power of
the United States
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were chosen because they had
not been bombed yet, so we could measure damage
All of the others are reasons in favor of it
____49. All of the following are reasons AGAINST
dropping an atomic weapon on Japan to end the
war EXCEPT?
a. Japan had already offered the same terms
for surrender that were later accepted
b. Once the Soviet Union declared war on Japan as
promised, they would surrender
c. It would allow America to return to a policy of
isolationism after the war
d. It was inhumane to target civilians for a military
experiment
____49. All of the following are reasons AGAINST
dropping an atomic weapon on Japan to end the
war EXCEPT?
a. Japan had already offered the same terms
for surrender that were later accepted
b. Once the Soviet Union declared war on Japan as
promised, they would surrender
c. It would allow America to return to a policy of
isolationism after the war
d. It was inhumane to target civilians for a military
experiment
It would NOT allow America to return to isolationism
All of the others are in fact reasons AGAINST dropping it
Review for Unit 9
“The Origins of the
Cold War”
Test
Practice Questions and Study Aides
continued
on next slide
Chapter Objectives
Section 1: Origins of the Cold War
• Explain the growing tensions between the
United States and the Soviet Union at the
end of World War II. 
• Identify the goals of Stalin’s foreign policy
immediately after the war.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
B 1. the political and military
barrier that isolated Sovietcontrolled countries of
Eastern Europe after World
War II
__
A 2. the ideological and often
confrontational conflict
between the United States
and the Soviet Union between
1946 and 1990
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
A. Cold War
B. iron curtain
Reviewing Themes
Global Connections At Yalta, what
agreement did the “Big Three” come
to about Germany’s future after World
War II?
Germany was divided into four zones
controlled by Great Britain, France, the
Soviet Union, and the United States.
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Truman Takes Control (cont.)
Why did Stalin have to accept Truman’s
proposal at Potsdam?
American and British troops controlled
Germany’s industrial center, and Soviets
would be unable to receive any reparations
unless they cooperated.
(pages 657–658)
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Checking for Understanding (cont.)
Reviewing Facts Why did tensions
grow between the United States and
the Soviet Union after World War II?
Each country had different goals for
Germany and Eastern Europe.
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Reviewing Key Facts
How did Stalin’s postwar foreign policy
goals add to the growing tensions
between the United States and the
USSR?
Stalin’s push for German reparations and
for a Communist government in Poland
conflicted with United States desire for
democracy in Poland and economic
recovery for Germany.
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Click the mouse button or press the
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Chapter Objectives
Section 2: The Early Cold War Years
• Describe the American view of the Soviet
Union and the policy of containment. 
• Explain the causes of the Korean War.
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
A 1. the policy or process of
preventing the expansion
of a hostile power
__
B 2. a war fought with limited
commitment of resources to
achieve a limited objective,
such as containing
communism
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A. containment
B. limited war
Containing Communism (cont.)
Why did George Kennan think containment
would beat communism?
Kennan felt the Soviet system had major
economic and political weaknesses. If the
United States could stop the Soviets from
expanding, Kennan felt the Soviet system
would crumble without going to war.
(pages 659–661)
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Reviewing Themes
Global Connections What long-term
Cold War strategy did the United States
follow?
The United States followed the policy
of containing communism through
international aid, diplomacy, and a
strong military.
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Critical Thinking
Analyzing Themes: Global
Connections How did the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan cause the
United States to change its foreign policy
goal of isolationism?
They highlighted the possibility of
Communist influence in Turkey, Greece,
and Europe, resulting in the containment
policy and increased foreign aid.
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Checking for Understanding (cont.)
Review Facts How did the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan address
the spread of communism?
Under these, the United States
would help any country fight against
communism and would help rebuild
economies to strengthen the resistance
to communism.
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The Berlin Crisis (cont.)
Why was NATO created?
It was created by 12 countries, including
the United States, Canada, and several
Western European countries, as a mutual
defense alliance in order to help maintain
peace in Europe.
(pages 661–662)
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Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)
Why were NATO and the Warsaw Pact
formed?
NATO was formed to maintain peace and
freedom for European nations, and the
Warsaw Pact was formed to achieve
Soviet foreign policy goals.
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The Cold War Spreads to East Asia
(cont.)
Why did the United States change its
policies toward Japan?
With the establishment of Communist
China, the United States lost China as its
ally in Asia. So the U.S. changed its policies
toward Japan and encouraged the rapid
recovery of Japan’s industrial economy
because it saw Japan as the key to
defending Asia.
(pages 662–663)
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The Korean War (cont.)
Why did Truman refuse MacArthur’s
demands to expand the war into China?
Truman did not want to expand the war
into China or use the atomic bomb. Truman
remained committed to a limited war to
contain communism.
(pages 663–665)
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Critical Thinking (cont.)
Evaluating How did the Korean War
affect American domestic and international
policy?
In terms of domestic policy, it reinforced
the idea of containment and greater
military readiness. In terms of
international policy, it brought the Cold
War to Asia and led to United States
defense agreements with Asian countries.
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Click the mouse button or press the
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Chapter Objectives
Section 1: The United States Focuses
on Vietnam
• Describe the nationalist motives of
Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. 
• Explain the origins of American involvement in
Vietnam during the 1950s.
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
B 1. member of an armed band that
carries out surprise attacks and
sabotage rather than open
warfare
__
A 2. the belief that if one nation
in Asia fell to the Communists,
neighboring countries would
follow
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A. domino theory
B. guerrilla
Front Four Question #1
Who was Ho Chi Minh and what
were his goals for Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese
nationalist who wanted Vietnam to be a
united independent nation which meant
liberating Vietnam from France after
World War II.
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Front Four Question #1
Explain the goals of the Vietminh.
The Vietminh fought for independence
first from Japan, then from France.
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Front Four Question #2
What two events convinced President
Truman to help France maintain
control of Vietnam after World War II
and why did President Eisenhower
continue this policy?
China falling to the communists and the
Korean War convinced President Truman
that Vietnam was vital to his containment
policy, and Eisenhower continued this
justification with “The Domino Theory”
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Early American Involvement
in Vietnam (cont.)
Which two events convinced Truman to
help France?
The two events were the fall of China to
communism and the outbreak of the Korean
War. It showed Americans that the Soviet
Union was beginning a major push for
communism in East Asia.
(pages 772–774)
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Front Four Question #3
What were the results of the Battle of
Dien Bien Phu in 1954?
Despite American assistance in aid, the
French were defeated by the Vietminh
which meant that free elections were to
be held in Vietnam to determine its future.
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The Vietminh Drive Out the
French (cont.)
What were the provisions of the Geneva
Accords?
Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel with
Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh in control of
North Vietnam, and a pro-Western regime in
control of the South led by Ngo Dinh Diem. In
1956 elections were to be held to reunite the
country under a single government. The
Accords also recognized Cambodia’s
independence.
(pages 774–775)
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Front Four Question #4
According to the Geneva Accords,
Vietnam was suppose to hold
elections in 1956, but why did the
United States and South
Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem
refuse to?
The Americans were not confident that
actual free election would be held in
communist controlled North Vietnam.
More importantly, even if free election
were held, the U.S. feared that Ho Chi
Minh would win election.
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Critical Thinking
Interpreting Why do you think the
United States supported the government
of Ngo Dinh Diem?
He was pro-Western and anti-communist.
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Reviewing Themes
Government and Democracy Why did
Ngo Dinh Diem refuse to hold countrywide
elections in Vietnam in 1956?
He feared he would lose to the
Vietnamese Communist party.
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Reviewing Key Facts
How did President Eisenhower defend
American policy in Vietnam?
President Eisenhower defended
involvement in Vietnam by stressing the
domino theory and the need to stop the
spread of communism.
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Click the mouse button or press the
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Ch 25 Sec 1 Review
Chapter Objectives
Section 3: The Cold War and American
Society
• Describe the new Red Scare. 
• Discuss how American society reflected fears
of the nuclear age.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
Why did the hunt for Communist spies
increase with the Soviet Union’s production
of the atomic bomb?
Many believed that the Soviet Union could
not have produced the atomic bomb
without help. The belief was that American
Communists must have sold secrets of the
atomic bomb to the Soviets.
(pages 668–670)
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
Why were people afraid to challenge
McCarthy and his tactics?
People were afraid to challenge McCarthy
because they feared McCarthy would
accuse them of being Communists.
(pages 671–673)
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Life During the Early Cold War (cont.)
How did Americans prepare for an atomic
attack?
American schools had bomb shelters and
held bomb drills. Some families built fallout
shelters in their backyards and filled them
with canned food.
(pages 673–674)
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Checking for Understanding (cont.)
Explain the goals of Project Venona.
The goals of Project Verona were to crack
the Soviet spy code and confirm Soviet
spying.
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Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities
How did McCarthyism and the Red
Scare change American society and
government?
While people were enjoying postwar
prosperity and optimism, they feared
communism and an atomic attack.
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Critical Thinking
Interpreting Why did McCarthy initially
receive a lot of support for his efforts to
expose Communists?
People feared communism.
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Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)
What were the effects of the new Red
Scare on federal employees?
Federal employees faced stricter
screening and termination if they
were suspected of being disloyal.
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No. Few Communists
were actually found.
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Chapter Objectives
Section 4: Eisenhower’s Policies
• Evaluate Eisenhower’s military policy known
as the “New Look.” 
• Debate the effectiveness of Eisenhower’s
foreign policy.
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
D 1. not openly shown or engaged
in
A. massive
retaliation
__
F 2. an informal relationship that
some people believe exits
between the military and the
defense industry to promote
greater military spending and
influence government policy
B. brinkmanship
__
B 3. the willingness to go to the
brink of war to force an
opponent to back down
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D. covert
E. developing
nation
F.
military-industrial
complex
Checking for Understanding (cont.)
Reviewing Facts What was the
significance of the Soviet Union’s
launching of Sputnik in 1957?
It stunned Americans and led to the
creation of NASA and the passage of the
NDEA.
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Eisenhower’s “New Look” (cont.)
Why did Eisenhower feel a strong economy
would win the Cold War?
Eisenhower felt that the United States
needed to show that free enterprise would
produce a more prosperous society than
communism. Economic prosperity would
also prevent Communists from gaining
support in the United States, protecting the
U.S. from subversion.
(pages 675–677)
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Reviewing Themes
Science and Technology How did
technology shape Eisenhower’s military
policy?
It allowed him to pursue the policy of
brinkmanship since the nuclear arsenal
was a real threat. It also allowed covert
operations in Iran and Guatemala.
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Continuing Tensions (cont.)
What happened when the Soviet Union
shot down an American U-2 spy plane?
Eisenhower first claimed it was a weather
plane that had strayed off course.
Khrushchev dramatically produced the pilot,
and after Eisenhower refused to apologize,
Khrushchev stopped the summit in Paris.
(page 680)
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Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)
What was President Eisenhower’s “new
look” for the military?
Eisenhower favored the use of atomic
weapons, instead of maintaining a large
and expensive army.
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Close
Debate the effectiveness of Eisenhower’s
foreign policy.
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Reviewing Key Terms
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
B 1. the political and military
barrier that isolated Sovietcontrolled countries of
Eastern Europe after World
War II
A.
Cold War
B.
iron curtain
C.
limited war
D.
subversion
__
G 2. a shelter built with the intent
to house and protect people
from nuclear fallout
E.
perjury
F.
censure
__
D 3. a systematic attempt to
overthrow a government by
using persons working
secretly from within
G.
fallout shelter
H.
brinkmanship
I.
covert
__
J 4. a nation whose economy is
primarily agricultural
J.
developing
nation
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Reviewing Key Terms (cont.)
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
C 5. a war fought with limited
commitment of resources to
achieve a limited objective,
such as containing
communism
A.
Cold War
B.
iron curtain
C.
limited war
D.
subversion
__
I 6. not openly shown or engaged
in
E.
perjury
__
F 7. to express a formal
disapproval of an action
F.
censure
G.
fallout shelter
H.
brinkmanship
I.
covert
J.
developing
nation
__
A 8. the ideological and often
confrontational conflict
between the United States
and the Soviet Union between
1946 and 1990
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Reviewing Key Terms (cont.)
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
H 9. the willingness to go to the
brink of war to force an
opponent to back down
__
E 10. lying when one has sworn
under oath to tell the truth
Click the mouse button or press the
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A.
Cold War
B.
iron curtain
C.
limited war
D.
subversion
E.
perjury
F.
censure
G.
fallout shelter
H.
brinkmanship
I.
covert
J.
developing
nation