Download (Section I): The Threat of War

Section I: The Threat of War
Pages 660-667
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This section is about:
Events in the 1930’s that led up
to World War II, including
Japan’s invasion of China,
Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, and
the Spanish civil war.
How Hitler began taking territory
for Germany in the late 1930’s.
Events in the 1930’s that led up
to World War II, including
Japan’s invasion of China,
Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, and
the Spanish civil war.
How Hitler began taking territory
for Germany in the late 1930’s.
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The picture on
660/661 is very similar
to what we saw with
WWI (610/611).
Lets look at page 660
(the writing).
And, the timeline –
what’s the biggest
event for the United
States?
Rumblings of War in Asia and Europe
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Look at “Main Ideas” on
page 662 (especially B).
Germany’s aggression
and the rise of Adolph
Hitler were only two of
the problems in Europe at
this time.
The were also conflicts in
China, Japan, Italy, and
Spain.
Japan Expands Into Asia
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Remember that China was
having a civil war in the 1930’s:
Mao Zedong and the
Communists against Jiang Jieshi
and the Nationalists.
But, Japan was also causing
some problems for China.
Japan had been looking for an
excuse to invade China.
When there was an explosion at
a Japanese owned railroad in
Manchuria, the Japanese decided
it was time (they probably set up
the explosion themselves).
They conquered Manchuria and
set up a Japanese backed
government.
…………………
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Japan and Hideki Tojo (military
leader) believed they had the right
to rule Asia.
While they were there, they might
as well use the natural resources
(Japan doesn’t have many).
The League of Nations told Japan
to stop being so aggressive in Asia
– so Japan got mad at them and
quit the group.
One of the next cities Japan
attacked was Nanjing. For 6 weeks
after their victory, they rampaged
through the city, torturing and
murdering more than 300,000 men,
women, and children.
This made the two Chinese groups
unite to fight the Japanese – and –
it made them look real bad to the
rest of the world.
Italy Invades Ethiopia
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In Italy in the 1930’s,
Mussolini was “humiliated”
that he didn’t have too many
rich colonies.
He looked to expand his
empire into Africa (Ethiopia)
and eventually invaded them.
The League of Nations issued
some sanctions (penalties)
against Italy, but most
European nations wanted him
as a friend (not an enemy), so
they asked that the sanctions
be lifted.
The emperor of Ethiopia told
Europe: “It is us today. It will
be you tomorrow.”
Spain Fights a Civil War
In the 1930’s Spain also had a civil war (fascism vs. democracy)
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The Loyalists
Supported the existing
government – which had passed
reforms helping poor people.
Mainly workers, trade unionists
and supporters of democracy.
Asked for help from the U.S.,
France, and Great Britain.
France sent 200 planes and 9,000
men.
The U.S. and Britain sent food,
clothing, and medical supplies
(they didn't want to get Hitler or
Mussolini mad at them).
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The Nationalists
Military, landowners and leaders
of the Roman Catholic Church.
Led by Francisco Franco (Fascist).
Looked to Italy and Germany for
support
Mussolini sent planes, tanks,
ships, cannons, weapons, and
soldiers to support attacks on the
Spanish government.
Germany sent 16,000 men.
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As many as 60,000 volunteers
came from around the world
came to help the Loyalists.
Even with all the help, they
were weaker than the
Nationalists.
After 3 years, Franco had
crushed the Loyalists.
The United States, France and
Great Britain all realized they
regretted not helping more.
Now there was another
European country with a strong
military dictatorship.
This also gave German and
Italian Soldiers some fighting
practice.
And, Hitler now had some
access to Spain’s iron ore –
which could be used for ………
Spanish Civil War Posters
Pablo Picasso's famous painting revealed the horrors of the Spanish Civil War.
He created this huge image in protest against the aerial bombing and the
catastrophic slaughter of civilians in Guernica in 1937 by German bombers.
Picasso used symbols and images of broken people, with most of the faces looking
up to the sky from where the bombs fell.
Germany Plans for War
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In 1936, Hitler moved German
soldiers into the Rhineland
region of Germany.
They weren’t supposed to be
there (the Treaty of Versailles).
Hitler didn’t care – and now he
had a place to launch an attack
on Europe from.
That same fall he made
alliances with Italy and Japan –
to back each other up.
Hitler announced he wanted to
be friends with the Soviet
Union.
In 1937, Hitler also announced
Germany needed more room
and he wanted to expand his
country.
Germany Takes Over Austria and Czechoslovakia
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Hitler's plan was to unite all
German speaking countries –
Austria was one of those.
Hitler forced Austria’s
government to put some Nazi’s
in positions of power – leading
to their government’s collapse.
Hitler used Austrian money to
build steel factories and supply
his military forces.
Hitler also wanted an area of
Czechoslovakia (the
Sudetenland - with 3 million
German speaking people) – so
he took it.
Great Britain and France were
mad, but didn’t do anything
about it – they didn’t want to
go to war over just that.
The Munich Conference
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In September, 1938, leaders of
G.B. and France met with
Hitler and Mussolini.
Their agreement ended up that
Hitler got to keep the
Sudetenland and the rest of
Czechoslovakia would stay
independent, but he agreed
that would be all he wanted.
This agreement was called
appeasement.
Can you trust Hitler? After the
conference and he agreement,
he almost immediately invaded
Czechoslovakia – eventually
using their resources and
weapons against the Allies.
Giving in to someone’s demands,
hoping they won’t do anything worse.
Nonaggression Pact with the Soviets
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Hitler knew he should only
attack one enemy at a time.
That’s why he made the
agreement in Munich – he
wasn’t ready to fight G.B. or
France yet.
He had to make sure the
Soviet Union wouldn’t get
involved yet.
In 1939, Hitler and Stalin
made an agreement that they
wouldn’t invade each other
(and secretly agreed they’d
divide up the lands between
them).
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This worked out well for Hitler’s
plan.
He didn’t want to fight Russia in
the east while he was busy with
France and Great Britain in the
west.
Hitler hated the Slavs (believed
they were an inferior race).
Stalin detested Nazi Germany,
but wanted the territories Hitler
promised him.
This also gave Stalin time to
build up his military.
Other European nations prayed
Hitler would be happy with the
lands he already had, and
there’s be no war.
But, you can’t trust Adolph
Hitler……..