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Why was France reluctant to become involved in another war? How did France plan to handle future German aggression? Why was this an unwise plan of defense? Maginot Line Why did many in Great Britain and the United States follow pacifist or at least isolationist beliefs? What was the neutrality legislation brought in by the United States? How did these laws actually help aggressor nations? Why was the Soviet Union unhappy with its position in Europe in the 1930s? What actions did the USSR take to achieve some measure of security? Why did many countries continue to reject closer ties with the USSR? What were Hitler’s international goals when he came to power in 1933? Explain Hitler’s concept of Lebensraum. In what ways did Hitler begin to rebuild the German military? How was he able to openly break the terms of the Versailles treaty? What was the result of the Saar plebiscite of 1935? How did it embolden Hitler? Hitler is quoted as saying that the “48 hours after the march into the Rhineland were the most nerve wracking of my life.” Why was he so anxious? Why did Hitler place a high priority on Anschluss? Who acted to prevent German annexation of Austria following the assassination of Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in July 1934? Which country did Italy invade in 1935? Map How did the League of Nations respond? What happened in Spain in 1931? Homework What type of reforms did the new republican government enact? What happened in the 1936 elections? Who was General Francisco Franco? How did the western powers react to the Spanish Civil War? How did Germany, Italy, and the U.S.S.R. actually respond? What was the Rome-Berlin Axis? What was the “rape of Nanjing”? How did the League of Nations respond? The U.S.? How many ethnic Germans lived in Czechoslovakia in 1938? What was their general opinion of life in a Slavic state? Was Czechoslovakia actually the tough place to live that many Germans claimed? Why was Czechoslovakia of strategic importance? Map of Czechoslovakia How did the Czech government try to make the Sudeten Germans happy in the summer of 1938? Who was Konrad Henlein? Why did tension continue to increase in September? What happened at Munich in September of 1938? Why did Britain and France abandon Czechoslovakia? In what state was Czechoslovakia afterward? What were the results of the Munich agreement? Referencing the sources on page 155 of the handout, explain the reactions to Munich. What happened in March 1939? What evidence was there that Britain was finally ready to give up on appeasement? What was unveiled on August 29, 1939? What were the broader implications of the arrangement? What was Blitzkrieg? Why was this type of warfare possible in 1939 and not possible in 1914? Why did Hitler encourage the development of Blitzkrieg? Why was Poland unable to muster much of a defense against the Wehrmacht? While Germany was invading Poland what was the U.S.S.R. up to? What happened to Finland in November 1939? Why? Why is the winter of 1939-40 called the “phony war”? What happened on April 9, 1940? Why did the British expedition to Norway end in failure? What happened on May 10, 1940? Map Why was the invasion of France so successful? What happened at Dunkirk? First Hand Accounts What did France do on June 22, 1940? Why was Germany able to defeat France and the BEF? What was “Vichy” France? How did the French people respond to the occupation and the collaborative government? What did Italy do in June 1940? Did many Europeans support Hitler? What were “Quislings”? Who was left to oppose Germany in by the end of June 1940? How did the U.S. respond to the German triumph in Western Europe? How was American neutrality legislation amended in November 1939? What did Roosevelt say America’s role would be at the beginning of the war? What were the arguments opposing Roosevelt’s interventionist agenda? What were the “four freedoms”? Explain “Lend-Lease”. How did the U.S. begin to prepare for military action? What was the Battle of Britain?Video Fighter Command Control Diagram Why didn’t Hitler invade England in 1940? What impeded Germany’s ability to cripple Britain’s will and ability to stay in the war? What were the losses for each country during the Battle of Britain? Churchill Speeches What was the “the blitz”? How effective was Germany’s bombing campaign against Britain? What was the U.S.S.R.’s interest in the Baltic and Balkan states? What was Germany’s view of Soviet expansionist actions? What actions did Germany take to improve its position in Eastern Europe and the Balkans? What happened on June 22, 1941? Why did Hitler invade Russia and what was his plan of attack? How did that plan work out? Operation Barbarossa Why did the German offensive fail to capture Moscow or deal a decisive blow to the Soviet Union’s ability to stay in the war? How did Hitler respond to the army’s failure to knock the USSR out of the war in the autumn of 1941? What were the larger implications of Germany’s failure to completely defeat Russia? Who was Albert Speer? How did the Soviet Union adapt to the German occupation of valuable territories? Why did Churchill send troops to North Africa in 1940? Map How did the tides of war shift from side to side in North Africa? Interactive Map What was the “Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere”? Why did the U.S. cut off shipments of oil to Japan in July 1941? Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor and other European possessions in Asia? Pearl Harbor Photos Attack How successful were Japan’s opening moves of the war? As 1942 came to an end, what was the overall state of the conflict? What term did F.D.R. give to the Grand Alliance of 26 nations opposed to the Axis countries? How did American and British co-operation differ from German and Japanese co-operation? Why did Stalin call for an Allied invasion of mainland Europe in 1942? Why didn’t one occur? How did the United States mobilize for war? What impact did this mobilization have on the American people? What was “area bombing”? Bomber Campaign Resources What was the purpose of the strategic bomber offensive against Germany? B17 B24 Pictures British Bombers Hamburg Detail the events in North Africa from late 1942 through May 1943. Why did the battle of Stalingrad mark a turning point in the course of the war? What happened to Mussolini’s government after the invasion and capture of Sicily by Allied forces in mid 1943? Why did the Italian campaign become a “frustrating stalemate”? Invasion of Italy How large was the force assembled for the Allied invasion of “Fortress Europe”? Operation Overlord How did the Allied offensive in the west progress? What was the Battle of the Bulge? Map What were the important implications of the Battle of the Bulge? Why did the Soviet Union refuse to help the Poles who participated in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944? Why did Eisenhower stop the Allied push into Germany at the Elbe? When did the war in Europe officially come to an end? What was the American strategy for defeating the Japanese? Pacific Campaign What happened on August 6, 1945? Hiroshima Little Boy Design Manhattan Project What happened on August 9, 1945? Fat Man Design Oppenheimer Why did the United States use atomic weapons against Japan? What was the result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? What did Roosevelt and Churchill decide at Casablanca in January of 1943? What did the “Big Three” decide on in Tehran in December of 1943?Big Three What were the geopolitical implications of the decision to open the second front in France? Why did Roosevelt not support Churchill’s idea of clearly outlined spheres or influence for the Soviet Union and the western powers? In broad terms what did the U.K., the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. decide with regard to postwar Eastern Europe at Yalta in February of 1945? What would the new United Nations look like and what would be its purpose? How was the Potsdam Conference of July 1945 different than previous conferences? How were Germany’s borders altered? Map of Europe When were treaties signed with Germany’s satellite states? When did the western allies sign a peace treaty with Japan? When did the Soviet Union? The Holocaust How did Nazi Germany bring the industrial capabilities of modern nation to the work of killing millions of people? Why have some people said the events of the Holocaust demonstrate both the best and worst of humanity? Who is to blame for the Holocaust? How did the Second World War change the world?
