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Slovak University of Technology
Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava
Intelligent Control
Methods
Lecture 2: Artificial Intelligence
Concept „Artificial Intelligence“

A competence of machines to think

A science branch
1950:
Turing: Computing Machinery and
Intelligence:
„Can machines think?“
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Intelligence:

A competence to respond to new situation threw
an activity correction.
 A bee?
 An
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adaptive controller?
Vague answers and definitions.
„Intelligence“ and „thinking“ are philosophical
(not technical) categories.
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Intelligence (a technical point of view):

A complex of technical and program tools,
techniques and methods for creation of systems,
which are able to master tasks, which need
„natural“ intelligence.

Analogy: Bird´s and man´s flying

Machines do not (and never will) think like a
man (determined with a society and with his
material, physical, intellectual and emotional
needs), but they can simulate the external
manifestations of thinking by their own tools.
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History of AI:

Classical period (1950 – 1965)
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Romantic period (1965 – 1975)

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Review of tools and methods
Methods combination
Period of expert systems (1985 – 1995)

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Universal problem solvers
Special program languages
Modern period (1975 – 1985)

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Declarative knowledge representation
Problem solution methods: theorem proving, graph searching
Expert systems
Period of AI integration into information technologies
(1995 - ...)
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Problem core of AI:

Information recognition, analysis and interpretation
 Written,

spoken, acoustic, graphical, tactile, ...
Knowledge representation
 Knowledge
formalization into the form, in which they can
be effective stored and manipulated

Problems solution (inference)

Problems of man-machine communication,
robotics, expert systems, machine learning,
neuronal nets, genetic algorithms... )
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Technical system is intelligent, if it:

Perceives the environment

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Predicts the environment handling

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Often without the environment model
Uses obtained information for problem solution
Plans the solution implementation
Communicates with another intelligent systems (human
or technical)
Learns



and understands, what is important
From experiences
From generalization
Adapts its behavior
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AI perspectives:

Methods, techniques and tools of AI are
integrated into another ICT
 (pattern

and speech recognition, ...)
The quality of AI system depends primarily on
used knowledge (and only secondarily on
knowledge manipulation mechanisms)
 Direction at specialized knowledge
acquisition, representation and exploitation.
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