Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
Transitional fossil wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
On the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals wikipedia , lookup
Evolution and Darwin’s Contribution "The natural history of these islands is eminently curious, and well deserves attention." -- Charles Darwin, from Voyage of the Beagle, 1845 Evolution The processes that have transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today. A change in the genes, caused by mutations. One gene can change the shape of a skull. It can lengthen lifespans., restructure the color pattern on a wing, or create a race of giants. ~Edward O. Wilson Charles Darwin Darwin set sail on the H.M.S. Beagle (1831-1836) to survey the south seas (mainly South America and the Galapagos Islands) to collect plants and animals. On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed species that lived no where else in the world. These observations led Darwin to write Voyage of the Beagle, a travelogue of his journeys. Charles Darwin From the observations on his trip he started writing On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. It took him 25 years to finally publish the book. Published in 1859. Two main points: Species were not created in their present form, but evolved with modifications from ancestral species. Proposed a mechanism for evolution: NATURAL SELECTION James Hutton (1726-1797) One of the first geologists to challenge the age of the Earth. Proposed the layers to have been laid down and shaped over millions of years. " ...no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end." Charles Lyell (1797-1875) Famous geologist of Darwin’s time. Darwin was reading his book, Principles of Geology (1830), while on the HMS Beagle. Covered questions pertaining to orderly change in time from geological evidence and fossils. Discussed similarity of fossils from different continents. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) First to hypothesize a mechanism for changes in organisms over time and realize that they were adapted to their environments. But, his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, incorrectly stated that animals can pass on traits that they developed during their lifetime. Coined the term “Biology”. Thomas Malthus (1766- 1834) Social Economist, author of Essay on the Principles of Population (1798). Argued that food supply increased in a linear fashion, while population increased “geometrically” (exponenetially). Example of limited resources causing competition. Natural Selection Resources are limited and this creates competition. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Variation exists amongst the individuals of a species. Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to leave offspring better suited for their environment. Over time, those individuals with the favorable traits will make up more of the population and could become a separate species.