Download Sports Injuries and Prevention

Sports Injuries and
Prevention
What you need to know…
Sport Injury Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9
QTCBrefXso
What are sports injuries?
The term sports injury, in the broadest
sense, refers to the kinds of injuries that
most commonly occur during sports or
exercise.
Some sports injuries result from accidents
while others are due to poor training
practices, improper equipment, lack of
conditioning or insufficient warm up and
stretching.
This term is usually reserved for injuries
that involve the musculoskeletal system,
which includes the muscles, bones and
associated tissues like cartilage.
Important Anatomical Terms
Medial – toward
the midline of the
body
Lateral – away
from the midline of
the body
Anterior – front
Posterior - back
Types of Injuries
Sprain
Strain
Acute Fracture
Stress Fracture
Bruise
Dislocation
Concussion
Sprain
•A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of
connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with
another. Sprains are caused by trauma such as a fall or
blow to the body that knocks a joint out of position and in
the worst case ruptures the supporting ligaments.
Sprains can range from the first degree (minimally
stretched ligament) to third degree (a complete tear).
•Areas of the body most vulnerable to sprains are ankles,
knees and wrists.
•Signs of a sprain include varying degrees
of tenderness or pain, bruising,
inflammation, swelling, inability to move
a limb or joint, joint looseness or instability.
Strain
A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a
muscle or tendon, a cord of tissue
connecting muscle to bone. It is an
acute, non-contact injury that results
from over stretching or over
contraction.
Symptoms of a strain include pain,
muscle spasm, and loss of strength.
Severe strains not treated can cause
damage and loss of function.
Acute Fracture
A break in the bone that occurs
from a quick, one time injury to the
bone.
Simple – clean break with little
tissue damage
Compound – a break in which the
bone pierces the skin.
Most acute fractures are
emergencies. One that breaks the
skin is especially dangerous
because there is a high risk of
infection
Stress Fracture
Stress fractures occur largely in the feet
and legs and are common in sports that
require repetitive impact, primarily
jumping and running sports such as
gymnastics and track and field. Running
creates forces 2-3 times a person’s body
weight on the lower limbs
The most common symptom of a stress
fracture is pain at the site that worsens
with weight bearing activity. Tenderness
and swelling often accompany the pain.
Bruise
A bruise or muscle contusion, can result
from a fall or from contact with a hard
surface, a piece of equipment, or another
player while participating in sports.
A bruise results when muscle fiber and
connective tissue are crushed and torn
blood vessels may cause a bluish
appearance.
Most bruises are minor but some can
cause more extensive damage and
complications
Dislocation
When the two bones that come together to form a
joint become separated, the joint is described as
being dislocated. High impact sports cause the
majority of dislocations.
Pain and tenderness at the site of the injury are
most common symptoms along with the inability to
move the joint through it’s normal range of motion.
A dislocation is an emergency situation that
requires immediate medical treatment.
Concussion
Concussions are caused by a blow
to the head; this injury causes
some level of impairment of brain
functions.
Symptoms of a concussion may
include confusion, short term
memory problems, and loss of
consciousness.
Medical advice should be sought
What’s the difference between
acute and chronic injuries?
Acute injuries occur suddenly. For
example: a sprained ankle, strained back
or fractured hand.
Symptoms include
–
–
–
–
–
Sudden severe pain
Swelling
Inability to place weight on a lower limb
Extreme tenderness in an upper limb
Inability to move a joint through it’s full range
of motion
– Extreme limb weakness
– Visible dislocation or break of a bone
What’s the difference between
acute and chronic injuries?
Chronic injuries usually result from
overusing one area of the body while
playing a sport or exercising over a
long period.
Signs of a chronic injury:
– Pain when performing an activity
– A dull ache when at rest
– Swelling
The body’s healing process:
From the moment of injury, your body
goes to work to repair the damage.
At the moment of injury, chemicals
are released from damaged cells,
triggering a process called
inflammation. Blood
vessels at the injury site
become dilated, blood
flow increases to carry
nutrients to the site of
tissue damage.
The body’s healing process:
Within hours of injury, white blood
cells travel to the injury site to tear
down and remove damaged tissue,
allowing other specialized cells to
start developing scar tissue.
Within days of injury, scar tissue
forms on the skin inside the body.
The damaged area will increase in
strength as scar tissue continues to
form.
The body’s healing process:
Within a month of injury, scar tissue
may start to shrink, bringing damaged
torn or separated tissues back
together. However it may be several
months before the injury is completely
healed.
RICER
To care for an injury, use RICER:
– Rest (don’t put weight on the injured limb)
– Ice (15 minutes on, 15 minutes off)
– Compression (to push out swelling)
– Elevation (raising the injured limb
higher than your heart)
– Referral (see a qualified professional to
assess the injury)
HARM
Avoid these HARM-ful factors for 72
hours after the injury:
Heat – increases bleeding
Alcohol – delays healing, masks pain
and severity of the injury
Running – causes further damage
Massage – increases bleeding and
swelling
Manage an injury with
TOTAPS
Talk
Ask the player what
happened.
“Where does it
hurt?”
“What kind of pain is
it?”
Observe
Look at the affected area for redness and
swelling.
Is the injured side different from the other
side?
Touch
Touch will indicate warmth for
inflammation.
Touch also assesses pain.
Active Movement
Ask the injured player to move the
injured part without any help
Passive Movement
If the player can move the injured
part, carefully try to move it yourself
through it’s full range of motion.
Do not continue if extreme pain is
experienced with this movement.
Skill Test
Did the active and passive movement
produce pain?
If no, can the player stand and
demonstrate some of the skills of the
game carefully?
If an injury is identified, remove the
player from the activity immediately.
How can injury be prevented?
Sports injuries can be prevented
by looking at the following 3
categories:
1. The environment of a particular
sport
2. Fitness levels
3. Protective wear
What’s in the news?
Concussions
CTE - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
is a disease of the brain believed to be
caused by repeated head trauma resulting
in large accumulations of tau proteins,
killing cells in regions responsible for
mood, emotions, and executive
functioning.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9
OtKo0wSgKM