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South Sudan Today
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa34357358
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GENOCIDE
 Genocide: An attempt to eliminate, in whole or in large part, a
particular group of people (such as national, ethnic, racial, religious,
social, or political groups).
 Mass Murder:The intentional killing of a large number of people
who are either unwilling or unable to defend themselves.
 Ethnic Cleansing:The attempt to remove a particular group of
people from a particular geographic area through the use of terror.
 Discrimination: Positive or negative behavior toward a particular
group
• rules or laws directed against a group or its members;
• or practices that subordinate people of a particular group.
• positive behaviours, policies and practices that systematically
advantage one group over another.
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examples of genocide, mass murder, ethnic cleansing and discrimination
GENOCIDE
Nazis: (19331945)
Jews, Gypsies,
gays &
lesbians,
communists,
mentally ill
KILLED: @11
MILLION
Turks:
Armenians in
WWI (19141918)
KILLED:@2
MILLION
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MASS
MURDER
ETHNIC
CLEANSING
Slave Trade
U.S. & Native
Americans
DISCRIMINATION
(U.S. & many
History of many nonW. European Pop. of NAs reduced Northern European
from about 2million groups in U.S.
countries):
to 500,000 over 300
@1600-1850
-- Irish, Italians,
years.
eastern Europeans,
KILLED:@20 -- mass murder
Jews, African-- starvation
MILLION
Americans, Latinos,
-- war
Turks
Asians, etc.
-- forced removals
Armenians, -- disease
Women around the
1890s
world
Yugoslavia
Serbs in Bosnia
KILLED
Hindu Caste system
300-400,000 (1980s,1990s) -terror, expulsion, and
thousands found in
mass graves
Ethnic
GenocideCleansing
Mass murder
1. Genocide is a type of ethnic cleansing, mass murder, and discrim.
2. Ethnic cleansing is a type of discrimination.
3. Mass murder can be used for genocide and ethnic cleansing, but can
also occur for reasons other than genocide, ethnic cleansing, and
discrimination.
4. There are many types of discrimination that have nothing to do with
genocide, ethnic cleansing, or mass murder.
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Relationships between Democide, Mass Murder,
and Genocide
Democide
Genocide
All genocides are democides.
Most mass murder is democide.
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Some mass murder is genocide, but some is not.
mass
murder
Mass Murder and Genocide in the 20th
Century
from R. J. Rummel, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills
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TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
USSR, 1917-1987
Chinese Communists, 1923-1987
Nazi Germany, 1933-1945
62,000,000
39,000,000
21,000,000
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AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES
Chinese Nationalists, 1928-1949
Japan, 1936-1945
Turkey, 1909-1923
Cambodia, 1975-1980
10,000,000
6,000,000
2,600,000
2,000,000
 Note: These numbers are best guesstimates. In most cases, because of
denials, secrecy, and coverups, it is impossible to know the exact number
with precision.
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Mass Killing is common in Africa
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Congo
4 million deaths since 1998, prompted by endless fighting between armed
gangs/warlords.
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Sudan (Darfur)
800,000 dead since 2002, in tribal/religious warfare/genocide
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Uganda
Idi Amin (dictator) killed 400,000 of his own people in the 1970s and
1980s. (Last King of Scotland)
Since 2002, another 100,000 dead from rebellion in North.
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Nigerian Civil War (1970s)
400,000 dead
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Rwanda (1990s)
800,000 dead (about half from gov’t-sponsored genocide)
(Hotel Rwanda)
Civilian Death Tolls by Democracies vs.
Totalitarian/Authoritarian Regimes in
WWII
 Numbers Approximate
 Civilian Dead Resulting from
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 German Invasion, mass murder:
 @21 million
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 Japanese Invasion, mass murder:
 @20 million
Civilian Dead Resulting from
Allied invasion&bombing of Germany
Total German civilian dead:
@2 million
Allied bombing (including
nuclear) of Japanese cities
Total Japanese civilian dead:
@600,000
 Sources:
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
R. J. Rummel, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills
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Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_deaths_and_atrocities_of_the_twentieth_century
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J.V. O’Brien, http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html
Civilian Deaths in the Modern Middle
East, since 1975
 Authoritarian Regimes:
 Ethiopia: 800,000 (“class enemies,” Eritrean war)
 Iraq: 100,000 (Kurds, Shi’ites, Kuwaitis)
 Iran: 60,000 (Kurds, Bahai, Monarchists)
 Sudan: 2,000,000 (Darfur, Africans, Christians)
 Syria: 21,000 Kurds, Sunnis
 Democracy:
 Israel: @15,000 (Palestinians, Lebanese)
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
Sources: http://genocidewatch.org/aboutgenocide/genpolmmchart.htm
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3694350.stm
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War#Casualties
Civilian Deaths by
Authoritarian Regimes vs. Democracies
Authoritarian/Totalitarian
Regimes
Democracies
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1.
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•
2.
WWII
Modern
Middle East
35 million
3 million
2.5-3 million
@15,000
llustrates two key points:
War pushes democracies in an authoritarian direction
democracies kill civilians mostly during wars
willingness to cause and justify civilian deaths
Democracies almost never commit mass murder of their own people, whereas authoritarian
and totalitarian regimes frequently do so.
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Your turn:
 Research an 20th century
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genocide and explain:
why it began?
Turning points
Why didn’t the UN/EU
stop it?
Impact: LT, MT and ST
Key individuals on both
sides
Outcomes
What is happening now?
 Work in pairs and be
ready to present next
Monday on your chosen
topic area.
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List of genocides:
 19th Century
 20th Century
 Irish Potato Famine
 Russian Ethnic cleansing
 French Revolution: War
in the Vendee
 King Leopold’s Genocide
in the Congo
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
of Circassians
Armenian Genocide
Decossakisation 1918-20
Guatemala – 1981-3
East Timor
Bangladesh War of 1971
Sri Lankan Civil War
Srebrenica Massacre