Download 14.1 prefix and sufixes

L/O: To examine ways in which we can analyze individual
words.
One of key concepts is Lexis – or word-choice
You may know this word, or you may be more familiar with the word
vocabulary.
However, “lexis” has two advantages.
It has an adjectival form – lexical.
And it has a slightly more specific meaning than
“vocabulary.” Lexis refers to “meaning” words rather
than grammatical – or “glue” – words. So, “people,”
“purple” are lexical; “in,” “might” are grammatical.
Today, we will begin to look at lexical morphology – or, the way
words, and their meanings, are built.
How can we begin to analyze individual words?
What could you say about the way the following words are ‘made’?
Root word: What is left when all
prefixes and suffixes are removed.
Also called the base word.
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Pick
Unpick
Unpicked
Pigs
Barked
Unlikely
Motherhood
Salty
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Root/base word: pick
Prefix: Un
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Root/base word: pick
Prefix: UnSuffix: -ed
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Root/base word: pig
Suffix: s (pluralisation)
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Cherry
Taller
Chairman
Hardship
Player
Compound word:
word: chair; man
Made up of 2 free
morphemes
How can we begin to analyze individual words?
Key words
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Root/Base word: what is left when all affixes are removed
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Morpheme: The smallest component of a word that carries meaning
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Affix: Morpheme attached before or after base word to change its
meaning
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Prefix: Affix before a base word
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Suffix: Affix after a base word
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Inflectional suffix: Suffix that changes the grammar of a noun, verb,
adjective
Derivational suffix: Suffix that changes the changes the word class (e.g.
adjective to noun: slow – slowness.
Derivational prefix: Prefix that changes the meaning of a word – e.g.
pick/unpick
Absolute/Comparative/Superlative: Many adjectives have three forms.
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Tall (absolute)
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Taller (comparative – “taller than…”)
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Tallest (superlative – the most tall)
How can we begin to analyze individual words?
Which prefixes can you think of?
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What do the prefixes
mean?
How do prefixes
change the meaning of
words?
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PreInReConDeUnProIm-/In-
How can we begin to analyze individual words?
Two types of suffix – inflectional and
derivational
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Inflectional suffixes are grammatical: they show how
a word is being used in the sentence. They can show
number:
I
pick
 She picks
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And they can also show tense
 I/We/She
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picked
These suffixes change the grammar, but we can use
a derivational prefix to change the meaning of the
words – e.g., add un- to all the above.
How can we begin to analyze individual words?
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Derivational suffixes are lexical, like prefixes.
They affect meaning by altering the word class.
Examples are:
darkness, headship, likeable.
They can be used to form verbs, abstract nouns,
concrete nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
Try to come up with at least one example of each;
or, can you think of common suffixes and
explain the change of class they bring about?
Quick quiz
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What is an affix?
What are the two types of affix?
What are the two types of prefix and suffix?
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Can you explain the difference between these?
Write down two-three words with prefixes. Label the
base, and label the effect of the prefix.
Give two inflections of the word ‘run.’
Give two examples of the other type of suffix.
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Words you might like to use: happy; speed; fragile