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The past and perfect
tenses
the simple past tense
USE
for actions completed in the past at a definite time
I met him yesterday
When the action clearly took place at a definite time even
though this time it is not mentioned.
The train was ten minutes late.
the simple past tense
The simple past is used with the following
expressions:
YESTERDAY
LAST night/week/month/year
a second/a minute, a week, a month AGO
the simple past tense
FORM
+
SUBJ. + VERB
I studied English yesterday (regular verb)
I met Peter yesterday (irregular verb)
SUBJ. + DID NOT (DIDN’T) + infinitive
I didn’t study English yesterday
the simple past tense
?
DID + SUBJ. + INFINITIVE
Did you study English yesterday ?
the simple past tense
REGULAR VERBS
to WORK + ED
to LOVE + D
to PLAY + ED
to STUDY + IED
to STOP + P + ED
To TRAVEL + L +ED
WORKED
LOVED
PLAYED
STUDIED
STOPPED
TRAVELLED
the simple past tense
IRREGULAR VERBS
The simple past form of each irregular verb
MUST be learnt by heart   
Used to
USE
to express a discontinued habit or a past
situation which contrasts with present
FORM
I used to drink beer; now I drink wine.
I didn’t use to drink beer; now I do.
Did you use to drink beer ?
Past continuous
USE
To set the scene, often at the start of a story
The night was falling and the moon was
shining …..
With the simple past to show that a long activity was
interrupted by a short one
When my mum phoned
…. _______________ ….
I was sleeping.
Past continuous
While I was sleeping
…. ____________ ….
My mum phoned
FORM
+
?
SUBJ. + WAS/WERE + ING FORM
I was reading a book …
SUBJ. + WASN’T/WEREN’T + ING FORM
WAS/WERE + SUBJ. + ING FORM
Past continuous
- ING FORM
EAT + ING
MOVE + ING
STOP + P + ING
STUDY + ING
PLAY + ING
LIE + Y + ING
TRAVEL + L + ING
EATING
MOVING
STOPPING
STUDYING
PLAYING
LYING
TRAVELLING
Present Perfect
USE
for news and recent activities
We’ve decided to move to England
For finished actions in the past if we don’t know
exactly when the happened
The train has just arrived
Present Perfect
to talk about situations that began in the
past and continue now
I have known him SINCE I was a child
I’ve lived here FOR 20 years
Present Perfect
FORM
+ SUBJ. + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
I have been to England
- SUBJ. + HAVEN’T/HASN’T + P.PARTICIPLE
I haven’t been to England
? HAVE/HAS + SUBJ. + P.PARTICIPLE ?
Have you been to England ?
Present Perfect
Adverbs used with the Present Perfect:
ALREADY
JUST
YET
EVER/NEVER
STILL
Present Perfect
SINCE
it is used to say when the situation
began
FOR
it’s used to say how long the
situation has been true.
since 2000
for 13 years
2013 ….
Present Perfect simple or
continuous ?
USE
To emphasise the repetitive or continuous nature
of an activity which has a result in the present.
I’ve been writing letters all day
vs
I’ve written three letters
Present Perfect simple or
continuous ?
FORM
+ SUBJ. + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + ing FORM
I have been writing letters all day
Past Perfect
USE
To talk about an action in the past that was
completed before another action in the past. It
combines with the past simple.
I discovered that somebody had stolen my
money
Past Perfect
FORM
+ SUBJ. + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
I had gone for a coffee when they arrived
- SUBJ. + HADN’T+ P.PARTICIPLE
I hadn’t finished the lesson when Peter left
? HAD + SUBJ. + P.PARTICIPLE ?
Had you read the book before you saw the
film ?