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AUXILIARIES
TIMELINE
NOW
VERBS
PAST
DO, DOES, DID
GO
BE, BEEN, AM, IS,
ARE, WAS, WERE
GOING
HAVE, HAS, HAD
GONE
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
MODAL BERBS
(CAN, COULD, SHOULD
MUST, HAVE TO, MAY,
OUGHT TO, ETC.)
PAST SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS
P.P. SIMPLE
P.P. CONT
GO
I--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---X
I-----------------I
I-------------/
FUTURE
----- ---- ----- ----…
I--------I
I--------I
PRESENT SIMPLE MEANING : ROUTINES, FACTS, HOBBIES/HABITS, TIMETABLE
KEY WORDS: Adverbs of fecuency (always,often, seldom, sometimes, never, etc.) before the verb
each, every, fridays. (In the complement at the end in the complement)
AFF: He
reads the book
every weekend.
NEG: He does not read
the book
every weekend
INT:
the book
every weekend?
Does
he
read
(we don´t have aux. the verb tells time)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS MEANING : AT THE MOMENT, AROUND THE MOMENT, POINT OF VIEW, FUT PLANS.
KEY WORDS: NOW, AT THE MOMENT, LISTEN, LOOK, FRIDAY
AFF: He
is
reads the book
at the moment.
NEG: He is not
read
the book
at the moment.
INT: Is
read
the book
at the moment?
he
PAST SIMPLE MEANING : COMPLETED ACTION FROM BEGINING TO END. NOTHING INTERRUPTED.
AFF: He
read
the book
last night at eight o´clock. (the verb tells you the tense)
NEG: He did not
read
the book
every weekend
INT:
read
the book
every weekend?
Did
he
PAST CONTINUOUS MEANING : THE ACTION STARTED BUT INTERRUPTED BY ANOTHER ACTION NEVER FINISH
Key Word : WE MUST FINISH THE TENSE WITH WHEN OR WHILE TO FINISH THE IDEA. WE MUST ALWAYS USE
THE PAST SIMPLE AFTER THIS THESE.
AFF: He
was
reads the book
last night at eight o´clock.
NEG: He was not
read
the book
last n ight at eight o´clock.
INT: Was
read
the book
last night at eight o´clock?
he
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE MEANING : THE ACTION WAS DONE IN THE PAST AND AFFECTS THE MOMENT.
Key Word : JUST, ALREADY, YET.
AFF: He
has
gone to the beach
for the weekend.
NEG: He has not
gone to the beack
for the weekend.
INT: Has
gone to the beack
for the weekend?
he
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS MEANING : THE ACTION WAS DONE IN THE PAST AND AFFECTS THE MOMENT
BUT IT WILL CONTINUE HAPPENING.
Key Word : JUST, ALREADY, YET.
AFF: He
has
been going to the beach
for the weekend.
NEG: He has not
been going to the beach for the weekend.
INT: Has
been going to the beach for the weekend?
he