Download COMS W1004 Introduction to Computer Science

Lab #1: UNIX crash course
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Introduction: History of Operating Systems
Lesson #1: Navigating directories
Lesson #2: Creating and editing files with emacs
Lesson #3: Manipulating files
Lesson #4: Creating a webpage
A brief history of Operating Systems
Early Days
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Late 1940s to early 1950s
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ENIAC, Harvard Mark II, etc.
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Single user, single program
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OS just had to load program and provide
some basic functionality (read input, write
output)
Batch Processing
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Late 1950s to early 1960s
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Mostly IBM mainframes (OS/360)
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Multiple users, single program each
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Load a program, execute it, produce output
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Some overlap, e.g. load the next program
while executing the first one
Multiprogramming
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Late 1960s to early 1980s
Appear to run multiple programs (on behalf
of multiple users) by switching between
them
Interrupt driven: each program runs until it
needs to pause for I/O
Time sharing: each program runs for a
“quantum” of time
History of UNIX
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MULTICS (1964-69)
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Early timesharing system developed by MIT,
Bell Labs, General Electric
Too ambitious for its time
UNICS (1970)
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Developed by Ken Thompson after Bell Labs
pulled out of MULTICS project
Only ran on (somewhat defunct) DEC PDP-7
UNIX Programming Languages
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In order to port to other platforms,
Thompson created a high-level
programming language called B
Dennis Ritchie created a better
implementation called C
Thompson and Ritchie rewrote UNIX in C
To port to another platform, all you needed
was a C compiler
Variants of UNIX
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Many universities at the time had DEC PDP11s, but those operating systems were
considered to be pretty bad
AT&T (Bell Labs' parent) licensed UNIX
source code to universities
A number of UNIX variants sprung up
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Berkeley's being the most popular
UNIX Today
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POSIX attempted to consolidate UNIX
variants into a single standard in late 1980s
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Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
Various vendor-specific (but POSIXcompliant) implementations started
popping up
Sun Solaris and Linux most popular today
UNIX Command Line
Today's Lab
• Log in
• Start the Konsole or Terminal program
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probably from “Activities”, then
“Applications”, then “System”
• Go through the four Lessons and six Tasks
• You can leave when you're done
• Ask for help if you need it!