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Chapter 10 World History *SECTIONS 3 AND 4 SECTION 3 – THE CHURCH *THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH HAD GREAT INFLUENCE OVER THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLES AGES (**To achieve eternal salvation most people felt you needed to be in the good graces of the church) CLERGY – Any ordained (can now perform church services & rites) member of the church Exs. priest, bishop, cardinal, pope PARISH PRIEST PREACHED AND ADMINISTERED THE SACRAMENTS TO THE LOCAL PARISH CONFIRMATION MARRIAGE *ALSO: COMMUNION PENANCE LAST RITES HOLY ORDERS The SacramentsThe Seven Sacred rites of the church B A P T I S M Communion Penance Last Rites BISHOP’S MITRE BISHOPS *CONTROLLED A DIOCESE OR GROUP OF PARISHES (*also called a “See”) ARCHBISHOP CONTROLLED A PROVINCE OR GROUP OF DIOCESES *Also called an Archdiocese CURIA (or college or group) OF CARDINALS *ADVISES THE POPE *SELECTS NEW POPE MONASTICISM Withdrawing from society to live a life devoted to God Monks in a monastery Nuns in a convent BENEDICT Benedictine Rules: MONTE CASSINO MONASTERY 1. Own nothing (poverty) 2. Celibacy (no sex) 3. Obey the Abbot (head of the monastery) *Note: other monasteries might have different rules… MONASTERIES MONASTERY SHOALIN ABBOT BUDDHIST MONK MONASTERY LIFE • • • • • • • • WORK *RULES AND ACTIVITIES OF SPECIFIC MONASTERIES PRAY MANUSCRIPT WORK VARY BY RELIGIOUS ORDER OR GROUP… HEAL THE SICK ACT AS AN INN AGRICULTURE FISH FARMS ETC. **Piety – being dutifully religious SAINT PATRICK CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO IRELAND (in A.D. 400’s) CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL CENTER OF CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN ENGLAND Illuminated manuscripts Texts or manuscripts that have been hand copied and “illuminated” or “beautified” with elaborate lettering and artwork Illumination Canon law – laws for the clergy and church EXCOMMUNICATION CUTTING AN INDIVIDUAL OFF FROM THE CHURCH AND THE SACRAMENTS *THAT PERSON WAS THEN IN DANGER OF DYING AND NOT BEING SAVED INTERDICT SAME AS EXCOMMUNICATION, ONLY FOR AN ENTIRE REGION OR AREA (or Manor or Fief or Kingdom) THE TITHE *ONE TENTH OF YOUR INCOME WAS SUPPOSED TO BE GIVEN BACK TO THE CHURCH TITHING BARN – to store things given to the church as a tithe (instead of “money”) TODAY’S “OFFERING” HERESY *SAYING OR DOING ANYTHING THAT WENT AGAINST THE TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH St Dominic *Starts the Dominican Order, which becomes very involved in the Inquisition St Francis of Assissi *Starts Franciscan Order (or religious group) where Friars, in poverty, would travel the countryside encouraging people to repent The Inquisition (Catholic) Church court that sought out heretics and tried to get them to repent (or take back their alleged heresy and ask for forgiveness) *Also called the “Holy See” **Ex. Protestant Christians Section 4 – England Celts An early European people (*Sort of like our Native Americans…) *Ooh, and then there were the Norsemen or Danes who invade England in the 800’s AD… and then the Normans came in the 1000’s (Sheez!!) Angles/Saxons – Germanic people who settle in the early Middle Ages in what comes to be known as England (named after the Angles - land of the Angles), conquering the Celts (as the Romans withdrew…) in the 500’s AD Shires – political division in England somewhat similar to our U.S. counties Shire-reeve – officer with legal and political duties for a shire *The word “sheriff” comes from this term *Coat of Arms of the Sheriff of Nottingham or the Shire-reeve of Nottinghamshire The 1066 AD Norman Invasion Duke William of Normandy Frenchman (and cousin) who was promised the English throne by Edward years before he died Edward the Confessor Anglo-Saxon (English) king who dies in 1066 without an heir, creating a power struggle for the throne BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066A.D. Norman French under William I defeat Anglo-Saxons under Harold of Wessex *Norman French will be spoken at the English court for the next 300 years Harold of Wessex – the Saxon (Englishman) who actually gains the throne upon Edward’s death in 1066 AD Bayeaux Tapestry *230’ long embroidery that tells the story of the Norman invasion of England and the Battle of Hastings DOMESDAY BOOK Recorded the population and property (under Norman rule) for tax purposes *Helped Normans maintain control over the Saxons Under the Normans, circuit judges and Trial by Jury begin to replace the brutality of earlier feudal justice MAGNA CARTA or “Great Charter” *Hugely important historical document, it leads to the idea of “limited government” here in the U.S.. Parliament: the law-making body for England *The equivalent of our Congress House of Lords *Hereditary seats in the upper house of Parliament for certain noble families House of Commons Provided representation for the growing “middle class” or townsmen