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THE MUSLIM WORLD
Intro to Islam and JCI Notes
Objectives

Student will
demonstrate
knowledge of Islamic
civilization from about
600 to 1000 C.E. by
 Describing
the origin,
beliefs, traditions,
customs, and spread of
Islam

Essential Questions
 Where
did the Islamic
religion originate?
Where did it spread?
 What are the beliefs,
traditions, and customs
of Islam?
Origin of Islam

Arabian Peninsula

Crossroads of three continents

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
Caravan trails
Connected to silk road
Surrounded by water
Central and northern land
desert

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
Major cities

Africa, Europe, Asia
Major trade route



Nomads called Bedouins
Organized into clans
Would influence Islamic culture

Ideas of courage, loyalty to a
family, and warrior skills
Mecca



Important stop on trade route
Religious pilgrims worshipped
at the Ka’aba
Medina
Muhammad

Life





Raised by grandfather and uncle,
worked in caravans, became a merchant
Revelations


Often practiced prayer and
meditation
At 40, heard a voice in a cave outside
of Mecca


Beliefs

One true God called Allah


All others must be abandoned
Convinced that he was the last of the
prophets
Retook the city, destroyed the idols and
had the call to prayer from the roof of
the Ka’aba
Meccans pledged their loyalty to
Muhammad and Islam


Called the Hejira (Hijrah)
Became political, religious, and military
leader
Returned to Mecca with followers in
630 C.E.

Voice of the angel Gabriel

Began to preach beliefs in 613 C.E.
Persecuted for beliefs
Fled to Medina

At 25 married Khadijah


Movement
Born into a clan of a powerful Meccan
family
Orphaned at six



Death

632 C.E.
Beliefs and Practices

Islam
The religion of the Muslims,
means “submission to the
will of Allah”
 Main teaching is that there
is only one God, Allah


Muslim


“one who has submitted”
Holy book: Qur’an
5 Pillars

Faith


Prayer



5 times a day, towards Mecca
May pray at a Mosque, an
Islamic house of worship
Alms giving



One god, Allah
Responsibility to support the less
fortunate
Religious tax
Pilgrimage

The Hajj


Pilgrimage to Mecca at least
once in a lifetime
Fasting

During holy month of Ramadan
Hajj

the sacred pilgrimage
to Mecca that must be
performed once in
each Muslims’ life.
During this pilgrimage,
pilgrims wear identical
garments so that all
stand as equals before
God.
Sources of Authority

Original source of
authority is Allah

Expressed is will through
the Angel Gabriel
Reveled to Muhammad as
the Qur’an
 Revelations written in
Arabic


Sunna

Muhammad’s example

Best model for proper
living

Shari’a
The book of laws in which
the guidance of the Qur’an
and Sunna was assembled in
a practical form to help aid
Muslims in applying the will
of Allah to their daily lives.
 This system of law regulates
the family life, moral
conduct, and business and
community life of Muslims.
 It brings all aspects of life
together and unites all
Muslims

JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM
Beliefs

To Muslims, Allah is the
same God that is
worshipped in
Christianity and Judaism
 Reveres
Abraham, Moses,
and other Jewish prophets
 Believes Jesus was a
prophet

Muhammad was the last
great prophet
Other Important Points

Believe the Torah and
Bible contain partial
revelations from God;
however, the Qur’an is
the final revelation

Muslims refer to
Christians and Jews as
“people of the book”


All three religions believe
in heaven and hell and a
day of judgment
All people are equal
before God

Among Muslim religious
practices was religious
tolerance for Christians
and Jews
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Belief in
God
One God
One God
One God
Jesus
Jesus is a
disciple
Jesus is the son of
God and Messiah
Jesus is a
Prophet
Holy Book
Torah
Old and New
Testaments (Bible)
Qur’an
Salvation
Salvation through
just and moral life
(Ten
Commandments)
Salvation by
following teachings
of Jesus (Ten
Commandments)
Salvation by
following five
pillars and living
a just life