Download WHPP Unit 2 Section 5 The Holy Roman Empire to The Crusades

The Holy Roman Empire
and the Church
Unit 2 Section 5
Essential Standards: How do religions
influence political power and create cultural
unity in European Regions?
I can: identify how all religions are similar. I
can trace & give examples of how beliefs
influence actions.
Question of the Day 10
In the Middle Ages, European monarchs
claimed to rule by “divine right”. What
purpose was served by this claim?
1)It enabled the separation of church and
state.
2) It enabled rulers to seize church lands.
3) It demonstrated that religion was
stronger than political power.
4) It strengthened the monarch′s authority
to rule.
The Feud B/w Pope and Emperor
• Conflicts—b/w monarchs & the
Church.
• 1054 Henry IV king of Germany vs.
Pope Gregory VII
• The Holy Roman emperors
appointed Church officials--lay
investiture.
• 1076 Gregory VII excommunicates
Henry IV.
• 1122, treaty Concordat of Worms:
Church could appt. bishops,
emperor right to invest them w/
fiefs.
The Struggle for Italy
• Fredrik I (Barbarossa or “Red Beard”)
married his son Henry to Constance
heirsess of Sicily.
• Emperors in Italy, German nobles
grew independent.
The Height of Church Power
• Pope Innocent III claimed supremacy
over all other rulers.
• Tools
• Excommunication & interdict to punish
monarchs who challenged his power.
The Crusaders and the
Wider World
Essential Standards: How do religions
influence political power and create cultural
unity in European Regions?
I can: identify how all religions are similar. I
can trace & give examples of how beliefs
influence actions.
CAUSES
• Turks invade Palestine & attack Christian
pilgrims.
• Crusaders --religious zeal & desire to win
wealth & land.
• Only the 1st Crusade came close to achieving
its goals. Captured Jerusalem in 1099.
• 3rd Crusade, Saladin reopened the holy city
to Christian pilgrims.
EFFECTS
• Religious hatred grows.
• Trade increases.
Western Europe Emerges
From Isolation
Immediate
Long-Term
Effects
Effects
• End of feudalism
• trading centers
 Renaissance
 Age
of
Exploration
 Scientific
Revolution
The Reconquista
 Drive the Muslims from Spain.
1469 – Isabella of Castile married
Ferdinand of Aragon, uniting two powerful
kingdoms.
After 1492 – Isabella ended the tradition of
religious toleration

“New Learning” & Medieval
Thought
• Scholasticism used logic to support
Christian beliefs.
• Thomas Aquinas concluded that faith &
reason existed in harmonySumma
Theologica
LITERATURE
• Vernacular, or language of everyday
people.
• Dante’s Divine Comedy Chaucer’s
Canterbury Tales
ARCHITECTURE
• The Gothic Style was characterized by
flying buttresses, or stone supports
that stood outside the church.
ART
 Religious
themes.
 Stained-glass windows.