Download Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes

Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes
The Structure of a Eubacterium
Section 19-1
Ribosome
Peptidoglycan
Cell
Cell
wall membrane
Flagellum
DNA
Pili
Review:



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Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria;
Old Kingdom = Monera
Unicellular
Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no
nucleus
Auto and Heterotrophic
Bacteria Identification:
1.
Shape

Sphere-Shape (coccus)

Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia
(diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)

Rod-Shaped (bacillus)
 Ex. Typhoid fever
(caused by salmonella:
Boil it, peel it, cook it, or
FORGET IT!
 Transmitted by ingestion
of food or water
contaminated with feces
of infected people.
Typhoid Mary – 36 years
quarantined!),
 Botulism (home canned
foods or bad seal on
canned foods.)

Spiral-Shaped
(spirillum)

Ex. Syphilis
Congenital syphilis (mom gives it
to fetus in utero.)
More types of
syphilis
(secondary).
More Bacteria Identification:
2.
Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see
the wall by gram-staining!
1.
2.
Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram
Positive
Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative
ID Cont.
3.
Bacterial
Movement
1.
2.
3.
Flagella – tail
Glide along slime
(they make this
themselves)
Some don’t move!
…and the last way to Identify
bacteria
4.
Oxygen Use
1.
2.
Require Oxygen –
AEROBIC
NO Oxygen ANAEROBIC
Growth and Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce in
three different ways
1. Binary Fission –
bacteria double in size,
double DNA and divide
in half (asexual
reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction
2. Conjugation – a
hollow bridge forms
between two
bacteria cells and
they exchange
genetic information
(sexual
reproduction)
Growth and Reproduction

3. Spore formation – when conditions are
bad, bacteria form endospores which lay
dormant until conditions get better for
growth.