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PRISON REFORM AND BEST PRACTICES
IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
•UNODC was established to address issues related to drug control, crime
prevention and international terrrorism in the context of sustainable development
and human security.
•Established in 1997, UNODC is mainly financed through voluntary contributions
especially from goverment s
•The principal function is to promote the ratification and implementation of
international instruments, institutional and legislative reforms and carry out
technical cooperation projects to monitor, prevent and avoid the production, ilicit
traffic and abuse of drugs organized crime.
•It works in 150 countries, through regional offices, project offices and country
offices.
For more information, please consult the web:
www.unodc.org
UNODC Field Network
• Moscow
Brussels 
 Vilnius
VIENNA
• New York
• Mexico City
Cape Verde

•
•Tegucigalpa
• San Jose
• Bogotá
Dakar
•Bissau
•Astana

Kiev
Chisinau
• Sofia
Bishkek • • Almaty
Belgrade  Bucharest Tashkent •• Dushanbe
Ashgabat •
Tirana Ankara 
Baku
• Beirut •Tehran•Kabul
Tripoli  Gaza• • Amman
•Islamabad
Cairo
•Doha
• Kathmandu
• Manama
•
• Abu Dhabi
New Delhi • Dhaka
• Juba
•
• Abuja
• Addis Ababa
• Beijing
Yangon •• Hanoi
• Vientiane
Bangkok
• Phnom Penh
• Nairobi
• Quito
• Lima
• Jakarta
• Brasilia
•La Paz
• Lilongwe
• Lusaka
• Maputo
• Windhoek
• Mbabane
• Pretoria
• Buenos Aires
- REGIONAL CENTRE - REGIONAL OFFICE - COUNTRY OFFICE - SUBREGIONAL PROJECT OFFICE - PROJECT OFFICE - LIAISON OFFICE
3
Fiji 
•
UNODC´s work is guided by a
wide range of international
instruments and UN standars
and norms in crime prevention
and criminal justice.
•
•
•
MANDATE
United Nations Convention
against Corruption.
United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized
Crime and its protocolos
Legal
framework
against
Terrorism
UN Standars and norms in
crime prevention and criminal
justice.
MAIN PILLARS
Research
Function
(Policy and
Analysis)
Normative
function
(Conventions
and Protocols)
Technical
Assistance
(Operations)
Terrorism
Crime
prevention and
criminal justice
reform
Drug
prevention,
treatment and
care and HIV
Human
trafficking and
migrant
sumggling
Money
laundering
Programatic and integrated
approach to achieve the greatest
impact on the results
Laboratory
and forensic
science
services
Corruption
Organized
crime
1
• Specialized Technical competence, operational
capacity and long term expertise in crime
prevention, crimianl justice and the rule of law.
2
• Unique position through ability to promote
international cooperation, specific focus on the
developing world, role as an honest-broker.
3
• Mandate to implement UN Conventions and
resolution in the context of the mandate.
UNODC
Crime prevention and criminal justice area
•
UNODC has the mission of making the world safer from crime, drugs and
terrorism. To be effective and sustainable, responses to these threats must
include crime prevention and criminal justice strategies.
•
Strategies must take a human rights approach and be based on the rule of
law, together with the UN standars and norms in crime prevention and
criminal justice.
•
In the context of the criminal justice reform, is the prison reform and
alternatives to imprisonment.
Prison reform and alternatives to imprisonment
• Detention and imprisonment are the main measures imposed on individuals who
are suspected of having breached the criminal law or have been convicted of a
criminal offence.
• The overuse of prisons leads to a series of mutually reinforcing challenges in
responding appropiately to the social reintegration needs of offenders, whilst also
violating the rights of those who are innocent.
• Key areas of concern regarding prisons: prison overcrowding, poor health
services, lack of social reintegration programmes, information systems and
strategic planning, inter-institutional communication, inspection mechanisms,
economic and human resources, and increasing numbers of prisoners with
special needs.
• The detrimental impact of imprisonment, not only on individuals, but also on
families and communities, together with economic factors, must be taken into
account when considering the need for prison reform.
Services given by UNODC
UNODC has the mandate to assist countries in building and reforming their prison
systems, and implementing non-custodial sanctions and measures in compliance
with human rights principles and UN standards and norms in crime prevention and
criminal justice.
UNODC offers assistance in:
• Improving legal safeguards for prisoners;
• Introducing and widening the scope of alternatives to pre-trial detention within
domestic criminal codes;
• Increasing the scope of alternatives to imprisonment, decriminalizing certain acts,
and reducing sentences for selected offences; and
• Supporting offenders and ex-offenders to address their social reintegration needs
(including in the area of criminal justice as well as labor, education, and social
welfare).
UN standards and norms in the areas of prison reform and alternatives to
imprisonment
Directly related to the prison system:
• Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention and Imprisonment
• UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
• Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners
• UN Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules)
• Principles and best practices approved by the Interamerican Comission on Human Rights.
Other UN instruments relevant to the prison system:
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
• Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty
• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Tools and publications
The Compendium UN standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal
justice:
For more information, please consult the web:
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/tools.html?ref=menuside
Tools and publications
The Compendium UN standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal
justice
For more information, please consult the web:
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/tools.html?ref=menuside
Regional Centre of Excellence on Prison Reform
and Drug Demand Reduction
Centres of Excellence
• The Centres of Excellence (CoE) are part of UNODC´s programming
strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Currently three CoE are working in the region (Mexico, Panama and
Dominican Republic) to develop activities in the context of the regional
programme for Central America.
• A future expansion throughout the Americas is expected.
• The engagement of donors is necessary for the successful implementation
of this strategy.
OBJECTIVES OF THE CoE
1. Research and support to improve regional
expertise.
2. Capacity building through training and
provision of technical equipment.
3. Information exchange and cooperation with
other partners.
Centre of Excellence on
Prison Reform and Drug Demand Reduction in Santo Domingo
 In February 2010 a Memorandum was signed between UNODC and the
Government of the Dominican Republic for the establishment of a
Centre of Excellence in Santo Domingo.
 In June of 2011 the project document was signed between UNODC, the
Attorney General's Office and the National Council on Drugs.
 The Centre of Excellence operates as a project of UNODC in cooperation
with the Dominican Republic. The expertise of the Centre of Excellence
in Santo Domingo is available to all countries of the region.
Main objective: To strengthen national and regional capacities
through the promotion of effective policies and
training programs in two areas:
Prison reform
and alternatives to custodial
sentences,
the modernization of institutions
and the formulation of legislation
consistent with international
standards.
Reducing drug demand
in the community and in prisons,
facilitating the diversification of
strategies and interventions for
prevention and
treatment.
Partners
AT NATIONAL LEVEL
AT REGIONAL LEVEL
• Attorney General's Office
• National Council on Drugs
• Coordination for the New
Model for Prison
Management
• National Penitentiary School
• Ministry of Public Health and
Social Assistance
•Central America Integration
System (SICA)
•Caribbean Community
(CARICOM)
•Organization of American
States (OAS)
•United Nations Latin American
Institute for Crime Prevention
and the Treatment of Offenders
(ILANUD)
Beneficiaries
• Ministries and other State agencies responsible for criminal
justice and prison reform.
• Ministries responsible for drug policies.
• Senior managers and prison staff.
• Probation services and other entities responsible for the
supervision of offenders with community sanctions and
measures that include treatment.
• Detainees and drug dependents.
Commitee of Management and Monitoring
Attorney
General 's Office
UNODC
Other
Centres of
Excellence
in the
Region
National Council
on Drugs
Experts/
Coordinators
(UNODC)
CENTRE OF
EXCELLENCE
(Dominican
Republic)
National Actors
Regional Actors
• ILANUD
• CARICOM
• SICA
• OAS
•Ministry of Public Health
and Social Assistance
•National Council for Drug
Control
•Universities,
state counterparts
•Others
High-level Expert Group Meeting to review the Standard Minimum Rules for the
treatment of prisoners.
Santo Domingo, 3 - 5 August 2011
•
Objetive of the meeting: identify good practices on the implementation of the
Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners in the region and explore
areas where the SMR may need to be updated or complemented.
•
Participated 56 experts from 15 countries (Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Perú, Republica Dominicana,
Santa Lucia, San Martín y Uruguay) and observers from the International Penal and
Penitentiary Foundation, Association of Caribbean Heads of Correctional and Prision
Services (ACHCPS), OAS, ILANUD, UNHCR.
•
Emphasis has been placed on the need to find ways in which to ensure that the
current SMR are fully implemented in the prisions, and complemented them with the
conventions, declarations and principles contaning references to the treatment of
prisoners, including the Principles and Best Practices on the protection of persons
deprived for liberty in the Americas, approved by the Interamerican Comission in
2008.
Good practices were shared in the following issues:
• Pre-trial detention (define “reasable period”, ensure the right of access toa
lawyer.)
• Prison overcrowding ( the imprisonment should be the alternative)
• Health care ( prison health is a public health issue)
• Special categories of prisoner, foreing nationals, minority groups, older
prisoners, women, juvenile, those in need of medical assitance (consider
the individuality and needs of each person)
• Prion staff (recruitment processes and training, New Model of Prison
Managment in the Dominican Republic )
• Treatment of prisoners and training and rehabilitation programmes ( many
good practices were exchanged, incluiding the involvement that public
agencies, NGO and commercial enterprises must have )
• External oversight of prisons ( the need to ratify the Optional Protocol to the
Convention against Torture and to establish National Preventive
Mechanisms to oversee places of detention.
REGIONAL PROGRAMME
OFFICE IN PANAMA
RPOPAN - Ongoing Projects
TITLE
THEMATIC AREA
PANX12 - Supporting Prison Reform in the Republic of Panama (Phases I and II).
Criminal Justice Reform.
PANT41 - Strengthening Criminal Justice Reform in Panama.
Criminal Justice Reform.
PANT37 - Increasing capacity for prison reform in Panama through alternatives of
imprisonment: Telematic tracking system using the electronic monitoring bracelet.
Criminal Justice Reform.
PANT73 - Improving citizens' security in Panama-contributing to the social construction of
peace.
Criminal Justice Reform.
GLOG80 - Container Control Programme.
Counter Narcotics Enforcement.
GLOT32 - Global Programme for Strengthening the Capacities of Member States to Prevent and
Combat Organized and Serious Crimes.
Anti Organized Crime.
XCAU81 - Santo Domingo Pact - SICA-UNODC Mechanism (SDP/SUM).
Anti Organized Crime.
CAMH90 - Establishment of a treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration network in
Central America.
Prevention Treatment and
Rehabilitation.
GLO01-VIH/SIDA - Prevention of drug use, HIV/AIDS and crime among young people through
family skills training programmes.
Prevention Treatment and
Rehabilitation.
GLOT63 - Support to crime prevention and criminal justice reform.
Criminal Justice Reform.
PANX33 - Establishment of Regional Anti-Corruption Academy for Central America and the
Caribbean (ARAC)
Anti Corruption.
PANX12 - Project Brief
Project Name
Supporting Prison Reform in the Republic of
Panama (Phases I and II)
Project Duration
19 months
Project Starting Date
October 15, 2010
Location
Panama
Responsible Office
RPOPAN
Government Implementing Agency
Ministry of Government
Total Approved Budget
USD $815.747
CONTACTS
María Noel Rodríguez
Susanne Wilson
Project Coordinator
Project Assistant
[email protected]
[email protected]
Address: Building 742. Edgar Jadwin Street. Balboa, Ancón, Panama. Tel.: (507) 314.4966/4955
PANX12 - Justification
High rate of prisonization.
Prison overcrowding.
High number of remand prisoners.
Poor prison conditions.
Poor access to health services, education, work, among other human rights.
Lack of training programs for prison staff, resulting in high staff turnover.
Corruption.
Unclear General Management between the National Police and the Prison System.
Lack of manuals and procedures.
PANX12 - Objective
The general objective of the project is to develop a comprehensive
reform strategy to address prison overcrowding, the large
population of people in custody, lack of training for prison staff
and the resulting violations of human rights.
General
Objective
Developing a
comprehensive
prison reform
strategy.
Specific
Objectives
Activities
•
•
•
•
Study visits.
Expert support.
Consultancies.
Identification of potential solutions
to overcrowding.
Strengthening
leadership and
management
capacity.
• Training workshops.
• Mentorships in the main prison
centers.
• Support in the reopening of the
Penitentiary Training Academy and the
design of its curriculum.
PANX12 - Activities
Regional workshop targeted to the
prison system staff.
Study visit to the New Prison Model
of Dominican Republic.
Support in the reopening of the
Penitentiary Training Academy.
Study visit to the Prison System in
Costa Rica.
Donation of the Handbook on Prison
Management in the context of Human
Rights, and the translation into spanish
of the Handbook for Prison Leaders.
Workshop on Planning and leadership
for prison management.
PANX12 - Activities
Grant Agreement
UNODC - ILANUD
Interships in the ENAP of Dominican
Republic made by the Manager of the
Penitentiary Academy of Panama
Mentorships for the development of
productive processes
Workshop on teaching qualification
in the penitentiary fiels (Training of
Trainers)
Participation on the Board of Prison
Policy (Consejo de Política
Penitenciaria)
Workshop for Prison Leaders
PANX12 - Activities
III Graduation: New group of AVIR
Interships in Dominican Republic made by
the Managers of the Prison Centers of
Panama
Interships in Dominican Republic made by
staff of the Panama Prison System.
Final report for the Consultancy that
recommends non custodial
measures, instead prison.
PANX12 - Activities
Interinstitutional Management
between Prison Technical Groups and
the Judge of compliance.
Workshop on Professional Care
Programs for the prison population.
Final report presentation of the Grant
Agreement between ILANUD and
UNODC to the Ministry of Government.
Publications
• Bangkok Rules, spanish version.
• Compiled of Norms relating to prisons and juvenile
criminal responsability of the Republic of Panama.
Visita a Centros Penitenciarios
PANX12 - Activities
Several visits to prison centers
Analysis of the situation for women
prisoners
Several visits to prison centers
Several visits to prison centers
Mentorships on security matters.
Visita a Centros Penitenciarios
Several visits to prison centers
Thank you for your attention!