Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Widely Found and Studied Neurotransmitters
Document related concepts
Transcript
Widely Found and Studied Neurotransmitters • Glutamate – has excitatory functions • 4 Ascending activating systems are very important – Cholinergic System uses acetylcholine – Adrenergic system uses noradrenalin – Dopaminergic system (actually 2 systems) use dopamine – Serotonergic system uses 5-Ht or serotonin • GABA or gamma-amino butyric acid – has inhibitory functions Acetylcholine • Activate two types of receptors: – Nicotinic receptors– also stimulated by nicotine and inactivated or blocked by curare – Muscarinic receptors– stimulated by muscurine and blocked by atropine and scopolamine – use second messenger Monoamines • Dopamine – up to 6 types of receptors – Tyrosine forms L-dopa – L-dopa synthesized to form dopamine • Norepinephrine – created by synthesis of dopamine • Epinephrine – created from Norepinephrine • Serotonin (5-Ht) – synthesized from tryptophan Peptides • Many types of neuropeptides; two have been extensively studied • Sustance P – constriction and dilation of blood vessels • Opioid types – – Endorphins – enkephalins How Drugs Work in the Brain • They work at the level of the synapse • Agonists • Antagonists Possible Drug Actions at the Synapse • increase or decrease the synthesis or production of neurotransmitters • increase or decrease the ability of the cell to store the chemical in vesicles • increase or decrease the amount of transmitter released by vesicles into the synapse • it can increase the number and length of time a receptor is open by increasing or decreasing the production of enzymes that break down the neurotransmitter • block or enhance the reuptake and reuse of the neurotransmitter • Altering the actions of second messegers
